Foreshadowing in Oedipus the King and The Marriage of Figaro :: comparison compare contrast essays

Foreshadowing in Oedipus the King and The Marriage of Figaro You are the curse, the corruption of the land. With these words, Tiresias, a blind illusionist in Oedipus The King set the actions in play that would turn king to beggar within the day. Prophecy and foreshadowing is an important part of playwriting, and adds an element of suspense that is non possible any other way. Whether it be the witches of MacBeth, the ramblings of Tiresias in Oedipus the King, and Antigone, or whether it is the unrealized foreshadowing by Figaro in The Marriage of Figaro, foreshadowing gives the reader or the interview something to puzzle themselves over, until the play or novel is actually over. It would not be a stretch of the imagination to say that some of the greatest plays ever pen would be impotent if their elements of foreshadowing was removed. Foreshadowing is defined, in Websters dictionary, as to give a hint or suggestion of beforehand. In drama, foreshadowing is generally app ly for several purposes, including the creation of tension, creation of atmosphere, and adds an element of credibility to a character. All of these are important elements of a play. However it is not hard to imagine a play in which more then half of the elements of a plot, namely exposition, discovery, point of attack, complication and crisis all be caused by an act of foreshadowing or prophecy. Indeed, Oedipus the King, which was considered the greatest play in history by Aristotle, was one such play. Oedipus the King was the story of the King of Thebes, Oedipus, and his dark past history which no one, including himself to a point, was aware of, one that involved abandonment, patricide and incest. Thebes was beset by a plague, and a delegation was sent to Apollo, the Greek God of healing, where they received instructions to find the murderer of the previous king of Thebes, King Laius. This form of foreshadowing was necessary for the storyline to have a starting place, and acts not only as foreshadowing, just also as discovery, because it gave new information that moved the plot forwards. A problem with this is the fact that it requires an act of God, something that Aristotle frowned upon in his definitive text

Making Teams Work Essay -- Essays Papers

Making Teams WorkThe importance of teams is becoming more(prenominal) and more app arnt in todays dynamic business world. Increasingly managers ar searching for a means to improve production and keep their organization competitive in the global market. A lot of these managers pick out turned to the team as a means for achieving this improvement. Quality circles were originally looked at to fulfill this role, however they are being phased out in favor of self-managed work teams. These teams are increasingly being personad to solve many of todays organizations production problems and inefficiencies, and in the process are both badly failing and greatly succeeding. So the discussion of teams is a real important one to address. Managers should be aware of the concept of teams and learn virtually as a means to further their organization and for when the time comes to implement a team they are prepared with the knowledge needed to build and use a team properly.The basic interpr etation of a team is a collection of two or more individuals who interact with each other, share jet beliefs, and perceive themselves as being a host. (Denton 92) Metropolitan Life Insurance Company defines a team fore specifically as a group of people with specific roles and responsibilities, organized to work together towards common goals or objectives, in which each member depends on others to carry out responsibilities to reach those goals and objectives. (Denton) The carrying into action and operation of a team can either be a great success or a costly failure, both money keen and time wise. Many companies have benefited from teams, and when teams work, theres nothing like them for turbocharging productivity. (Denton 94) There are many examples of successful implementation of teams Federal Express and IDS boosted productivity by 40% and Boeing cut its engineering hang-ups on its sore 777 passenger jet by more than half. The Ford Motor Company also has had great su ccess with teams when producing the new Mustang prototype. Ford produced the Mustang from design concept to the finished product under budget and in record time. (Dumaine)However, many companies and managers are fix up off by the very mention of the work team. Some people see teams as just another management fad, while others in management have had bad experiences with teams that have failed. As Magee points ou... ...t must all come together to build a successful team, it can be done with proper planning and support from upper management. They must also discuss how to set up the compensation for the team, evaluation of team performance, and of individual performance. In my opinion, the benefits of increased productivity and efficiency that are seen by the organizations that properly build and successfully implement teams, far out-weigh the risks and costs of a team that fails. I would have to say that in todays competitive, globally oriented organizations, we cannot over stress the importance of teams. It seems that how much you get out of a team depends on how much you are willing to put into it, and most of what you need to put into it is some time spent doing the homework planning necessary to build the team that will take your business to the top.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Denton, D.D. (1992) Building a team. Quality Progress, October, 87-91.2. Dumaine, B. (1994) The scuffle with Teams. Fortune, 130.3. Magee, Y.S. (1997) Teams avoiding the pitfalls. Public Management, 79.4. McGarvey, R. (1996) Joining forces 12 steps to creating winning teams. Entrepreneur, 24

Sexual Harassment in America Essay -- Civil Rights Act

According to Websters online dictionary, it is believed that the phrase cozy anguish was coined at Cornell University in 1974 ( knowledgeable harassment, 2011). The phrase wasnt, however, really used in common nomenclature until the testimony of Anita Hill against Clarence Thomas in 1991. Sexual harassment can take many different shapes and forms. According to a Fox News article, the sexual harassment claims made by men have increased twofold in the last twenty years (Sexual harassment claims, 2010). Because sexual harassment is illegal both on a federal and state level in many states, there are steps that an individual and employer should take to go on sexual harassment. On June 19, 1963, President John F. Kennedy sent an extensive Civil Rights legislation proposition to Congress (Pre 1965 events, 2011). This proposed legislation faced fierce opposition in Congress. Five days after the assassination of President Kennedy, President Johnson spoke to Congress and to ld them that we have spoken of civil rights for too long and that it was time to say our countrys words into action. Kennedys legislation faced many legislative struggles that forced changes and compromises to ensure there would be no filibusters in the Senate that would get the better of the proposal. Despite all of the opposition, President Kennedys proposed Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964 and was set into action the following year. The 1964 Civil Rights Act created the United States Equal craft Opportunity Commission, also known as the EEOC. One of the primary jobs of the EEOC is to uphold the rules and regulations that were laid out by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. According to the EEOCs webpage, Title VII covers private, most pu... ...r/shwork.asp Pre 1965 events leading to the creation of the EEOC. (2011). Retrieved dire 15, 2011, from http//www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/pre1965/index.htmlSexual harassment. (2011). Retrieved on July 26, 2011, from http//ww w1.eeoc.gov//laws/types/sexual_harassment.cfm?renderforprint=1Sexual harassment. (2011). Retrieved on August 15, 2011, from http//www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Sexual%20Harassment?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=Sexual%20Harassment&sa=Search922Sexual harassment claims filed by men doubled in last 20 years. (2010, March 04). Retrieved on August 15, 2011, from http//www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/03/04/sex-harassment-claims-filed-men-doubled-years/Title vii of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (2011). Retrieved July 26, 2011, from http//www1.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm

Women of The Color Purple Essay -- essays research papers

In the novel, The Color Purple, there are three main characters who demonstrate meaningful traits of women. Celie, the main character, is the most important of the three. She is influenced by other characters in the novel and is inspired to let herself seek their virtues. Celies two friends, Shug and Sofia, are both strong women who teach Celie how to achieve the happiness she desires.Sofia is a woman with authority in her life. Her life has been a constant struggle and can no longer endure conflict. She is strong physically and that gives her confidence in herself. The only opinion of whatever value to her is her own. Sofia is very upset with Celie when she tells Harpo to beat her and she reveals to Celie details of her painful past. All my life I had to fight. I had to fight my daddy. I had to fight my brothers. I had to fight my cousins and my uncles. solely I never thought Id have to fight in my own house. I loves Harpo. God knows I do. But Ill kill him dead before I let him be at me. (42). Sofia can no longer tolerate this kind of abuse and she thought that when she married Harpo she had finally escaped it.Later Celie admits that she told Harpo to beat her because she is greedy of Sofia. Celie is jealous because Sofia can fight back and she knows she cant. Sofia tells Celie how she feels sorry for her because Celie reminds her of her mother and how she never could stand up against her father. Just seeing Sofi...

Characters in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare has always had the gift of creating percentages from each one with their own unique facets that, in combination, manipulate for a play full of multi-dimensional characters. In the case of Shakespeares perhaps most famous play Hamlet, a more prominent role is held by the defining traits of each of the more important characters. When looked at from a more in-depth perspective one would find that many of these traits are revealed through an inference constitutive(a) to their speech. In Hamlets case his most eloquent dialogue shows his analytical mind, but also poses a question over Hamlets confidence with circumstances of precarious matter, does he lack the confidence to be decisive, procrastinating, and knowingly so, with the important decisions required of him, or is it simply that this time is spent reason out things to their most full extent so that his course of action proves to be the correct one. With respect to Claudius there is an extreme confidence in his cunn ing and unavailing craft as he often speaks with a willful hypocrisy. Also, it will be shown that Claudius has a dominantly selfish personality, manipulating people in order to use them to get to his own ends. And, lastly, Gertrude, who possesses an enigmatic persona, is one who makes difficult the task of interpreting her motives and mindset with any real certainty.Hamlet, a man with much intelligence, proves himself to be both ratiocinative and analytical. However, as he has sometimes revealed throughout the play, he procrastinates with what can seem to be over-analysis where the politics of the situation prove to be rather delicate, and yet when he is dealing with relatively inconsequential matters he can show as much confidence as Laertes. Through the readers eyes it is oft... ...ference and interpretation of each characters manner and style of speaking. In the play Hamlet, much was learned simply by reading between each line of dialogue, and giving each line perhaps a few s econds more thought than is usual. Shakespeare filled each of his works with brilliant nuances that made necessary giving each rallying cry of each line further consideration, but what was most intriguing about this play in particular was that the reader was not only able to wee-wee insight into the minds its characters, but also the mind of Shakespeare himself. It leaves much food for thought when one ceases to take things at face value, but instead delves into the numerous and vastly profound layers of meaning that have reinforced the words of Shakespeare for hundreds of years and for hundreds more to come.Works CitedShakespear, William. Hamlet. Don Mills HBJ, 2009

Characters in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare has always had the gift of creating characters severally with their protest unique facets that, in combination, make for a play full of multi-dimensional characters. In the case of Shakespeares perhaps close famous play Hamlet, a more prominent role is held by the defining traits of each of the more important characters. When looked at from a more in-depth perspective one would find that many of these traits are revealed through an inference inherent to their speech. In Hamlets case his most eloquent dialogue shows his analytical mind, but also poses a question over Hamlets self-assurance with circumstances of precarious matter, does he lack the confidence to be decisive, procrastinating, and knowingly so, with the important decisions required of him, or is it simply that this time is spent reasoning things to their most full extent so that his course of action proves to be the correct one. With respect to Claudius there is an extreme confidence in his cunning and de ceitful subterfuge as he often speaks with a willful hypocrisy. Also, it will be shown that Claudius has a dominantly selfish personality, manipulating people in order to use them to achieve his own ends. And, lastly, Gertrude, who possesses an enigmatic persona, is one who makes difficult the task of interpreting her motives and mindset with any real certainty.Hamlet, a man with much intelligence, proves himself to be both logical and analytical. However, as he has sometimes revealed throughout the play, he procrastinates with what can seem to be over-analysis where the politics of the situation prove to be rather delicate, and yet when he is transaction with relatively inconsequential matters he can show as much confidence as Laertes. Through the readers eyes it is oft... ...ference and interpretation of each characters manner and style of speaking. In the play Hamlet, much was learned simply by reading between each stock certificate of dialogue, and giving each line perhaps a few seconds more thought than is usual. Shakespeare filled each of his works with brilliant nuances that made necessary giving each word of each line further consideration, but what was most intriguing about this play in particular was that the reader was not only able to gain insight into the minds its characters, but also the mind of Shakespeare himself. It leaves much food for thought when one ceases to take things at face value, but instead delves into the numerous and immensely thoughtful layers of meaning that have reinforced the words of Shakespeare for hundreds of years and for hundreds more to come.Works CitedShakespear, William. Hamlet. Don Mills HBJ, 2009

Nationwide Insurance’s Use of BI to Enhance Customer Service

Why did Nationwide need an enterprise wide data Wargonhouse? Nationwide amends company is one of the largest pecuniary service company, with $23 billion in revenue and more than $1 60 billion in statutory assets. So in this large business nationwide insurance company experienced a various data issues, like data in-consistence, data reputation, dissimilar data processing, his will shows on business decisions and strategy on trade.To resolving the issues Nationwide insurance started using Enterprise data warehouse technology from Attracted, it is a single data warehouse. It would provide best practices to make strategic and tactical business decisions. Data Warehouse is less expensive, stored in single place from different various systems also it will be helpful during searing analysis stage using clean and standardized data and provide solutions in short time instead of spending analysis, gathering he data, cleanup position and stored in multiple places. . How did integrated data drive the business values? National wide has developed a customer knowledge store (CSS) it is a customer centric database. The integrated data improve the market and better communication with customers, significantly improved on the customer satisfaction. Sing integrated financial data can improve the customer priorities and resolve the issues in given time like clarify the queries, suggestions, current market situation and etc.In the current market customer satisfaction is very important at any given time using this integrated data business can achieve the goals. 3. What forms of analytics are employed at National wide? In National wide various types of business analytics are used, the data warehouse supports the descriptive analysis for every(prenominal) the business operations. In Predictive analysis the customer Knowledge Store to identify the kinds of customer interactions that are important for customers at different points.In he normative analytics the financial performance management approached single data and technology architecture with a common set of systems standardizing the process Of financial data. 4. With integrated data forthcoming in an enterprise data warehouse, what other applications could National wide potentially develop? The case described customer relationships and financial reporting. Other areas of development price of products, regulatory compliance, hiring, risk management, and the location of facilities.

Ted Hughes Birthday Letters

BIRTHDAY LETTERS Introduction Conflicting perspectives are divers(prenominal) points of view verbalized and influenced by ones context and values. Birthday Letters by Ted Hughes is an anthology of poems ch every last(predicate)enging the accusation that he was responsible for his wife, Sylvia Plaths death. The three poems The Minotaur, Your Paris, and Red are an insight into Hughes vindication of the death of Plath using a very subjective and emotive poetic form.The poems possess many deliberate techniques such as ext end uped metaphors, connotations, diction and apposition to encourage the audience to accept his argument that he was not the one to blame for this world renown tragedy. The poem Daddy by Sylvia Plath also displays distant perspectives of the relationship between Plath. THE MINOTAUR Techniques The destructive power of her constitution is vividly conveyed through verbs, such as smashed, with its sense of overstated activity. pungent dialogue Sarcastic dialogue is used as Hughes words at heart the context of the incident. Get that shoulder in your stanzas and well be away is focusing on the anger within her personality and suggests she fails to incorporate these tendencies in her poetry. Hughes positions himself as calm and encouraging her in her art. Quotes She was Demented by my being, and Twenty minutes late for baby minding. here(predicate) we protrude how truth depends on perspective, on who is telling it, based on how they saw it, and now how they tell it. That she was demented may pass water been simply to his vapid error or that carelessness on Hughess part may have been the last straw in a sequence of events which had driven her mad.Towards the end of the poem the repetition of your, Your marriage, your children, your mother creates an accusatory tone. Hughes has purposefully written himself out of the equation. Conclusion This poem highlights the conflicting perspective of Hughes and his relationship with Plath, and gives rea son that because of Plaths kind instability he could not possible be responsible for her death. RED Techniques Redness is present physically, but for Hughes its essential truth is metaphorical. Quotes In this poem, we can see how variable ones perspective can be in poetry and in this collection in particular.Hughes begins decisively Red was your colour. This appears to be a factual statement, a simple declaration, but immediately he undermines it If not red, then white. When he tries to understand why red might have been so important to Plath, he puts his suggestion in the hesitation of a question, Was it blood? His interpretation is alter by uncertainty. Our perspective of others can be obscured and complicated by our uncertainties. A third colour concludes the poem, Blue. This was not Plaths colour. Hughes is arguing, but it was better for you.It has healing powers also. Whiteness and the extremity of redness represent the polarities if her life, her quest for sinlessness and the pain and passion of her existence. Hughes concludes that Plaths inability to be nurtured by the kindly spirit of gritty was what destroyed her. He feels that when she gave up blue, she lost normality, symbolising blue as a precious jewel which she lost. To support the originally firm statement that red was Plaths colour, Hughes presents evidence which clearly supports its truthfulness, Our room was red.Curtains and window-seat all matched, however there was an exception, the bookshelves escaped into whiteness. This suggests that they were exceptional. The idea of red as Plaths colour is reinforced. Conclusion The summary of Plath through symbolism of these colours reveals everything to the highest degree Plath and their relationship, reinforcing many arguments Hughes presents throughout his anthology. YOUR PARIS Quotes The poem Your Paris indicates that from the beginning of their marriage, their perspectives on life were different, antagonistic.It also shows how Hughes was u ncomprehending in the face of his wifes personality and how he tried to come to terms with it. His version of the city was so different that I kept my Paris from you. It was the wartime city, occupied by the Germans, As Hughes registers their different responses to the city, and he finds a way of telling the truth about their different selves and the tension between them. The irony of this is that the situation is taking place on their honeymoon, although this is a biographical fact to which Hughes does not explicitly refer.That omission is suggestive of the problems of the relationship. Plaths spoken responses to Paris, which enabled her to cope with the intensity of its impact upon her, produced a negative reaction in Hughes, It was diesel aflame, and To the dog in me. Conclusion Your Paris is written from Hughess Perspective about Plaths perspective, thus it is unclear whether Plath truly precious the significance of Paris. Hughes initial conflicting perspectives of Plath are rep resented in the poem. YOUR DADDYQuotes In Plaths poem Daddy, Hughes begins by pointing out that mere compassionate beings were insufficient for Plaths worship, she needed a god. The psychological explanation for this desire is the death of her Daddy. Hughes writes, His death touched the trigger. This sets in drive Plaths search for a god to replace her vanished fuck off. This is a plausible psychological explanation, but it is not necessarily true, this is his perspective of that matter. Plaths life afterwards her fathers death was like The fury, of a high velocity bullet.Those she chose as gods were too mortal to withstand the impact. Hughes undoubtedly includes himself in that category. The dent which Plath had on her cheek is seen, not as an imperfection, but like a groove in the barrel of a shotgun To keep you true, that is to antiaircraft the bullet correctly. Hughes is a target, but the real target was behind him, Your Daddy. Hughes laments the fact that he was not able to manage the deadly bullet of her personality. He could only handle the remains of her life, a wisp of hair, your ring, your watch, your nightgown.The image of Plaths father as the god with the smoking gun suggests a duel between father and daughter. She was aiming to get revenge on her father for betraying her by dying. He had the final victory however, in her suicide which took her back to him, To bury yourself at last in the heart of god. Conclusion The poem Daddy allows us to discover the true perspective of Plath and Hughes relationship, which contrasts against Hughes own perspective. Their collective representations of Plaths father do not conflict their perspectives.Conclusion Overall, it is evident that Ted Hughes represented Sylvia Plath as a young and talented woman in his descriptions in the letters to Aurelia Plath. Hughes perspective of Plath changes and he details his former wifes emotional struggle in his Birthday Letters anthology. Thus, it is obvious that perspect ives change overtime, and thorough analyse and viewing of different texts created by various composers relating to the relationship of Hughes and Plath, we discover that each text represents a different perspective regarding their relationship.

Individual Organizational Issues Essay

The ethical issues presented in the Week Three Ethics Game Simulations were from the Mysterious Blogger and The Veiled Id, the ethical issues denotation in support pretension of The Mysterious Blogger was whether or not the information obtained by IT Tech, Jamal Moore was enough to discipline blogging employee Aaron Webb for violating the NDA policy. The ethical issues for the game simulations for The Veiled ID, was to address how to develop a credential policy that would accommodate the special needs and the physical safety of the employees.The decision-making steps one took to address these issues were based on the position one held in the simulation game one was able to determine the best avenue ethic eachy to approach in target to take action on both issues address in the game. First, this authors decision-making abilities were based on protecting the interest of the shareholders and how these decisions could affect the shareholders in both short and long-term.Ethical issues that arise inwardly an organization or alliance will not only effect an individual employee, it will affect the company and anyone who has made an invest workforcet in the company. Apart from protecting the interest of shareholders and the company, it in addition comes down to always following company policies and doing the right thing. If a organizations policies are broken in any way, shape or form, this author would be determined in a situation to make the best decision to receive the best outcome in order to maintain discipline and good order within the company or organazation.The ethical perspectives this author utilized to make the decisions for the simulation game were based on the options given in each scenario within the gaming process. Although the simulation did not have any right or wrong answers it did take time for this author to address each scenario with an open capitulum and take the time to look at different view points before making a decision(s) to see whet her or not the answer selected was the best find out for that scenario.The way these ethical perspectives influenced this authors decisions were by determining the values and effects of the stakeholders for both simulation games played The Mysterious Blogger and The Veiled ID. Showing the importance of applying ethical practices and ensuring all employees are held accountable for their actions can be done by one taking the time to figure out a way to minimize dilemmas or issues caused by employees within an organization and handling those dilemmas at the lowest level.The concepts used in the simulation game can relate to this authors workplace, being part of a family construction company many distance family members or friends of friends of the family will take full receipts of the company. A good exercise of younger family members taking advantage would be leaving the workplace early, using company property outside of the work zone, using the name of the company in supply house to avail ones personal needs.One example of this would be a distance cousin of one of the owners was a wonderful working, however after days of working for the company the owner started to receive phone calls from homeowners asking for repairs to be done to brand new systems installed by this distance cousin who were not in the database of the company, come to find out the cousin was doing these jobs on the side using the family business name, buying material using the company credit cards, company fomite and gas card to get to these locations but none of these new job sites were jobs the owners of the company bid they were all jobs the distant cousin was doing on the side, this is one example of many.What this has done is moved the company away from only hiring family members to hiring outside of the family and only having a few members that work in the field, although everyone in the office is related the men in the field hold the owners on pedisals and this author has not met m any employee who do not appreciate the family owned company. The owners continue to prove to each employee family or not that they are needed, the owners go over and bound giving employee advances to help with ones personal lives, from getting married to buying a car, to smaller needs as in lunches, jackets every winter, making sure they have good work boots, gloves, hats and anything else they made need to safely complete the task at hand.

Operating Model Definition

l assistance in the integration of processes throughout franchises 200 locatings. The main location will have the ability to make changes to expectations or processes and make them available to all of the 200 locations from the main location without having to go to each location somebodyly. This direct model will improve the structure and processes of the 200 franchise locations by making it possible to reach out to all of them at once whenever essential changes are needed to be made.Each location will also have the ability of reporting to the central location any changes as thoroughly as request to make changes and send in any data that would prove the necessity of the proposed changes without needing to go to that individual location to address whatever issues at hand. Ralphs Ribs is unlike any of the other sample organizations because it lacks an actual formal IT setup since all data is sent in from the 200 franchises as individual batch files.The chosen model would help in an y of the four scenarios however it would prove to be a vital asset for Ralphs Ribs as it would help standardize all processes throughout the 200 franchises making it easier to manage the data coming in from the franchise locations. The chosen operating model would assist in saving time thus allowing the organization and its franchises to make additional advancements which would allow them to implement their sales and marketing strategies.When saved time is utilized it opens the introduction to unlimited opportunities, in this case Ralphs Ribs main location would save an enormous amount of time if the individual reports from its 200 franchise locations were sent into a database that was setup to receive and sort the data from the franchise locations.

History of Beer Essay

Beer was probably discovered by accident, when some of the nomadic tribes of the Middle East decided to settle down to an agricultural life depending on the refinement of iota. In times of plenty the excess might have been stored for a possible future period of failure.Due to the damp storage condition the grain might have pullulate and germinated in a desperate bid to salvage the crop they must have made porridge by boiling the sprouted grain with water. This must have released sugar into the liquid resulting in a sweet tasting porridge. This was probably left in open to cool allowing the graphic yeast of the atmosphere to settle on the porridge forming alcohol or what was a crude wash.There is evidence that the brewing process was established in Babylon as early as 6000 B.C. The Egyptians improved upon this process, which was diffused along the trade routes by the Greeks & the Romans. The Romans started brewing on a commercial basis to provide a substitution to wine. The term b ear today covers all beer drinks such as ales, lagers & stout. Beer gets its name from Anglo Saxon Word called Beer meaning BARLEY.Beer is the national alconolic beverage of great(p) Britain. Although the basic traditional method of brewing beer is still being used now the whole production process is controlled by the programme equipment so that for each one phase is carried out at the exact time required and can be corrected if necessary. By this centralised control, consistency of the brew from sens to batch is better.

The Use of Computers Should Be Restricted

Some people think that the use of computers should be restricted. Agree and disagree? Being invented in technology revolution, computers play an essential type in our daily life. Despite of its advantages, computers make believe negative effects. To be frank, I strongly agree that the use of computers should be limited. There argon numerous reasons why I hold my points of view on this issue and I would like to explore only a few primary ones in this essay. The first drawback I would like to talk about is that computers make people waste time instead of doing useful things.Nobody can deny that computers bring about a regeneration of benefits for our life, with the help of computer our work become easier and more effective. On the other hand, computers can make students neglect their studies. They can spend so many hours on computer games or complaisant network that they have no time for their studies, or even when they are being in class, they may not concede attention to the les son. One thing which is equally important is that victimization computer too much, people are certainly harm to their health.Gazing at a imbue of a computer, people easily have eye strain without suitable relaxing. Furthermore, electro-magnetic waves from computers affect peoples nervous systems, which is the reason why people have headache after using computer for a long time. Sitting one place and lacking of doing exercise due to computers, osteoarthritis and obesity are the serious diseases people may deal with. Finally, computers may affect peoples thoughts and characteristics. Using computer too much make people vacant instead of doing useful things such as doing housework, playing sports.In addition, people approach bad information such as violent actions, sexual videos when they have portal to the Internet. This fact can lead peoples attitudes and behaviors to become bad. Otherwise, computers make people can not build their confidence when they get into reality. Using soci al network limit people to have face-to-face relationships and improve communication skills From what has been said above, I may come to the conclusion that people should restrict using computers. To minimise these drawbacks of computers stated above, people should have a detail plan or purpose to use it

The Green Table Kurt Jooss

Paulina Milewska Kurt Jooss The Green Table Expressionism can be described as a movement in the fine arts that accentuate the expression of inner experience rather than realistic portrayal, looking to obtain not objective reality, but the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events aro consumption in the artist. Several partistics of expressionism argon distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy. The Green Table, a ballet by Kurt Jooss, 1932, is an ideal example of expressionism because it depicts the choreographers personal interpretation of war through the use of movement, music by Fritz Cohen and spunk by Hermann Mankard. The Green Table is a piece of performance created mostly by Kurt Jooss, the piece lasts thirty minutes in which different episodes of war. The first chance shows the diplomats called The Gentlemen in Black, the second icon The Fare rises which show the divide between the loved ones and the soldiers that go off to the war.The third icon is The Battle in which the battle begins and the character destruction is taking each of the soldiers one by one, Death is a big part in this scene as it creates a mental depict for the audience showing the dreadful times where innocent males were dying due to a diplomatic argument that was created because of the gentlemen in black. The next scenes follow which are The partisan, the refugees, the house of ill repute and men in black once again to show the never-ending hypocritical nonsense of the government.The choreography for The Green Table cannot exactly be categorized as one thing or another. Jooss seems to employ two different types of dance one being the traditional ballet, and the other being the modern technique. The use of traditional ballet can be seen in the dance of the soldiers with their light and graceful movements, particularly the one carrying the white flag. However, the heavier movements of dancers such as Death and the enthusiast Woman illustrate modern dan ce technique similar to movements choreographed by Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey.The fact that Jooss utilizes both of these dance forms demonstrates his unique theories and adds a personal name to this show. However, movement is not his only means of self-expression. The music accompaniment to this piece comes from one or two milds which works well with the dance so that uncomplete one overshadows the other. There are no other instruments used, the melody of the piano changes from scene to scene in order to project Jooss emotional responses. During the scenes with the politicians, the air of the piano is light-hearted and nigh comedic.The story begins with the politicians in masks that are arguing in a non-naturalistic way using their postures and gestures for example standing up with masks facing the audience corrosion white gloves reaching their hands out with open palms limning careless emotion. The show ends the same way which gives an impression of Jooss trying to say that there depart always be arguments between higher statuses that dont help the general public but they use their powers for their own entertainment. The purpose of this was to show the withdrawal of these men from the war.They are in a safe situation, unexposed to war and death. When the scene changes and we see whats happening in the lives of citizens, this tune is transformed into a deafening and eerie song that haunts the audience. The reason for this change is to reveal Jooss feelings about the unnecessary brutality and death that always comes with a war, and how politicians dont understand the revulsion of it. In The Green Table Jooss has made almost full use of the dramatic, emotional and pictorial values of light. The most obvious of all contrasts was that between Death and all the other characters.While the entire dance seemed to be set in a dark light, it was particularly dark when shown on the character representing death. In fact, it had almost a bluish tint to it. D uring the scenes when death is not part of the immediate picture there is a large spotlight in the center of the dress where all the dancing takes place, however, the stage is never fully lit. This is in order to portray death, although not always immediately present, as being all almost us in a time of war. The dancer of Death is always in the background as a constant reminder and, even when he becomes the main focus, is never illuminated.This represented Jooss unique view because he refuses to acknowledge any positive results that war brings and only sees it ending in death and destruction. The scene with the women of war using the proxemics in a clever way is portraying the other, vulnerable side of the war. The ladies are dancing lightly and swaying from side to side portraying sorrow and negative emotions. The most important character in that scene is the old lady who is struggling to walk and is leaning forward as well as walking on her tiptoes very lightly showing a link wi th the Death character who is taking her life away.Her way of walking on tip of her toes is showing that she is not standing firmly on earth and living but she is already half way in the spiritual world. This scene shows a great contrast of importance in comparison to the first and last scene. Kurt Jooss piece, The Green Table, is antiwar ballet. Its an example of expressionism because it is a one-sided, emotional performance that uses blown-up gestures, primitivism, and distortion in order to convey Jooss view on war.

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Essay

Our company is Audi AG. Audi is headquartered in Germany and is a subsidiary of Volkswagen since 1966. Founded in 1909 by automotive pioneer disdainful Horch, Audi specializes in high blockade and expansive automobiles (Audi Club coupling America Northeast , 2014). Audis gondolas appealingness is comprised of sedan, SUVs, convertible, coupe, diesel and hybrids. Audi is one of the three biggest luxury cars companies in the world. Our invention is to launch our forward-lookingest headlamps engine room along with thousands of radical cars roughly the globe. The automobile commercialize is driven by technology and Audi intent to be the premium score (Audi Ag, 2014).We intent to do so, by delighting our nodes worldwide (Audi Ag, 2014). Safety is the number one conclusion motivator when purchasing a car regardless of where you live and Audi wants to capitalize on that.To predict our consumers buying impulses, we provide rely on social, cultural and personal circumstanceors (Kotler & Keller, 2012).Now is the best age to launch such(prenominal) a harvesting as people drive more and more due in s take in to recent planes crashes and disappearance. By making night rides safer, Audi intent to gain an edge against its competitors and annex annual sales. Germany and the the States leading be our launching platform. We intend to maximize our sales by putting together a strong advertising campaign.We will be utilizing social media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, we will also advertise via television, radio, billboard, and so on Our advertising team is composed of Me Philippe Biboum, Kevin Mobley, Kirkland Browne, Dana Cannon, Tameika Mclean and Johanna Gutierrez. We argon highly qualified and we have combined oer cardinal years of experience in this field. Here argon the components of our plan.Executive summarySituational analysis merchandise appendage potentiality and combative analysisSegmentation, target marketplace, and sitingPricing and distribution strategiesMarketing communication planFinancial information(including forecasting demand, break-even, sales, promotional budget, and marketing expense) Intended marketing objectives for Y1, Y2, and Y3Evaluation and control metrics and methodology to measure performance Contingency planningSituational AnalysisThe Audi of America News Channel (2014) website stated that in July 2014, Audi increased its sales by 11.9%. This represents the 43rd consecutive record sales for our check off. The launch of our new headlights technology will increase sales even more. Germany and America will be our test launch and we are confident that it will be a success. Our target markets are rich men and women as good as families. Our product will be change to e genuinely individual who is sufficient to purchase and hold up a luxury car. We have a wide collection of cars to will fit everyone lifestyle. In footing of demography, our product aims at people between the age of 25 and 60 wh o have a hatful of money. We recently have been making cheaper car to capture the consumers less than 25 years of age. Audi is aware of the detail that gender, family status and age influence car buying, that is why we built certain models fit younger genesis like the A6, SUVs and sedan for families and coupe for single people.Geographic everyy speaking, Audi bops that car buying differ according to the location. Our product will be appealing to individuals who live in the outskirts of big cities, or deep in the country because they very much have to drive on itinerarys that are non well lit. Social disunite, personalities and lifestyles divide the market into psychographic segmentations. Audis cars are aimed at upper social classes. We target individual who like a inexpensive lifestyle and want to show their wealth because we know they female genitalia afford the technology. About the market growth, we know that there is a need for a product such as our new headlights. Ac cording to the passageway Loss Data work (HLDI), good quality headlights are one of the best ways to suspend car crashes (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2012). The recentplane crashes along with airfare are hotheaded people to drive more and more. We know we will increase our sales as long as we have a strong marketing campaign to advertise our product.SWOT analysisOne of the medium here is that our product provides a safer nighttime driving experience for drivers who do long distance driving. The exist to add the bluster will increase the purchase price of the vehicle and this is a weakness. An opportunity could be the rough-and-ready utilization of marketing approaches will dish to determine market need (i.e. surveys) and gain a competitive advantage (promotion, placement/positioning. Audis competitors such as BMW, Mercedes Benz, etc. can use the resembling or similar product if there is no patent on the development of the product and this is a threat to our bot tom line. Our make out to success here is to respond to consumer demand by creating a product they want and need. That product is the new headlights technology. This product will separate us from our competition because it is an innovation, it will help save lives and increase our bottom line.Market growth potentialAudis goal is to slowly meld their LED headlight technology into all of their vehicles. They will begin by installing them in higher-level class of vehicles as an upgrade option. Brighter, time-consuming enduring headlight bulbs will reduce the follow of replacing perpetual bulbs, and brighter headlights will increase driver profile at night. Audi expects competitors to install similar devices in their vehicles however, Audi believes their version is longer lasting, brighter and safer for Audi drivers as well as, other drivers on the road.Competitive AnalysisThe automobile industry is fiercely competitive in the United States as well as, internationally. In 2006-20 08, the automobile industry suffered a significant monetary loss, especially the big three in Detroit. Foreign automobile manufacturers took advantage and saw growth. While around Asian and European manufacturers also suffered, many upgraded base models to entice buyers to purchase their product. Automakers did what they could to gain the upper raft against their competitors. Audi was no different, chaffering a drop in sales during this time. For many customers, resort, reliability, andfuel efficiency are increasingly important, more so than flash, speed, and power. The safety and visibility of an Audi driver is a priority Audi is attempting to increase.SegmentationThe market segmentation has spate, but distinct parts geographical, psychographic, and demographic. Audi will use geographical sales statistics to determine where sales are highest. Introducing upgrades and changes to Audi vehicles to the customers who buy them more frequently will returns Audi and satisfy customer demand. Audi is responding to increasing customer demand for safety therefore, increasing driver visibility satisfies customer demand. Moreover, the longer lasting, brighter headlights benefit teen and patriarchal drivers who may become easily distracted or have difficulty seeing at night. The increase in safety may also decrease accidents, which will make insurance companies happy.Target MarketAudi is not specifically targeting one particular group however, brighter lights will benefit drivers with limited experience or with poor vision or night vision the most. Elderly drivers are more likely to benefit from brighter headlights to increase their visibility at night. The headlight feature is not limited to elderly drivers though, all drivers can benefit from the safety feature. Audi expects high customer satisfaction and will eventually implement the LED headlight in all of their models. Any driver concerned for safety is part of the market Audi is targeting. Longer lasting lights means less maintenance cost, and brighter lights means other drivers can see the Audi sooner, and the Audi driver can see the road or and any debris in the road, sooner.PositioningPositioning is important, and precise placement of the headlight translates to better driver visibility. However, regardless of how bright or long lasting the headlight is, defensive, non-distractive driving is key to reduce traffic accidents and avoiding road hazards. Moreover, the ability to see an item in the road sooner will help the driver prevent a collision however, failure to pay attention to the road will increase the potential for at-fault accidents and collisions. While many discard some features as unnecessary, brighter, longer lasting headlights is a product Audi feelsconfident implementing, and confident customers will respond in an overwhelmingly positive way.Pricing & statistical distributionWhen looking at pricing and distribution there are several factors to be considered. The wholesaler s will always calculate its prices by adding the cost of the product itself (headlights), wages involved in the production, the overheads and cost to deliver such. Then, after the wholesaler calculates a reasonable mark-up, the product will then be sold to Audi. It is then Audis job to make the best out of this product by the promotion it carries out. earlier Audi agrees to any business with a headlight manufacturer Audi strategizes and plans a how to price and distribute. Audi is a well-known luxurious vehicle where they now will have an added feature to promote safety.The sales potential are very high as we are targeting those that enjoy road trips, those that are behind the wheel for extended descend of hours. Audi then has to reanalyze its decision and consider losses, what if this does not work, how this will impact our business, what are other cost useful routes we can take. These are all considerations Audi has to take into play if the brighter headlights for their vehicle s do not create more sales. This is qualifying to be considered as a standard on all of Audi vehicles, it is not an add on feature Audi plans of charging extra for.Marketing Communication PlanAudi believes in its product. Before a company can be successful it must build its own awareness. Audi has built that awareness Every day you see accidents ca employ by poor visibility due to poor lighting. Audi will use this to their advantage when marketing and communicating to its customers and potential customers the advantages of Audis new improved headlights. Furthermore, it is advantageous for Audi to stress the fact that the price tag of the vehicles have not changed due to the improved and upgraded headlights. Audi has been dedicated to communicate to its customers, potential customers and competitors that they have the solution for accidents caused by poor visibility due to poor lighting. They are advertising this through every mean of communication possible. Then net profit/ media is a huge marketing communication source, the radio, newspapers, billboards, and the public itself by word of mouth. When drivingon the road if you see an Audi vehicle you will see the difference in their bright headlights when compared to other vehicles.Asserting the fact that you communicate with all of your customers and potential customers plays a vital part in how successful this will be. Audi has set families and one of their targets and this is the main target we are communicating our new product to. Audi has partnered and networked with different sources such as safety programs and/ or famous people, have also taken it a step ahead by recording infomercials on highways, dark roads and valleys to show its costumers the strength behind the new headlights their vehicles have. Audi has been servicing consumers up of one hundred plus years and Audi intends on being a provider until the end of time in order to stay relevant in the automotive industry Audi is aware of the evolving of automobiles. Audi has done its look throughout the years and through the years consumer safety has remained the number one factor when building an effective brand.Audi has go along to serve the consumer while be at the head of its class of Luxury automobiles. In historical research through the National Highway Traffic Administration Audi found that one of the major issues of car accidents within the United States stemmed from blinding headlights (NHTA, 2013). The new product that Audi seeks is to install the LED headlights with objectives based around consumer safety first as well as profit. The objectives provided focused on the product from beginning to end starting from year one when Audi began searching for the new product to elevate the company. Audi will definitely grip its target audience as well as reach its sales growth, once it begins manufacturing the product and getting the products in its show rooms.ObjectivesYear 1Completed research on issues surrounding veh icle safetyFind the issue and find a product that will assist in increasing consumers babys dummy when drivingFind target audienceYear 2build a Safe brand to suite consumers needsimplement the strategy in vehicles that target our initial consumer market (families) seek profits of upwards of 10-15 percentage within the first year Year 3Implement products in remaining vehicle models that service all consumers. Seek to increase Revenue another 10 to 30 percentBegin research on new product to assist with current featuresFinancial InformationIt is exigent that the financial outlook of Audi for 2014 is predicated on the prior performance drivers. In 2013, the Audi A4, A6, Q5, and Q7 experienced increased sales from the introductory years over the other vehicle models. The A4 and A6 belong to the sedan category and the Q5 and Q7 are in the SUV/ crosswalk category. That being said, it is forecasted that these same vehicle categorys sales will continue to increase in 2014. Therefore, th e introductory marketing of the new headlight designs should be donned in the aforementioned vehicle models.Moving forward, the future(a) financial data, to include forecasted demand, sales, break-even point sales/units, and marketing/promotional budget expense, shall represent the four top selling vehicle models. Audi is looking to increase revenue by four percent annually over the next three years. With the addition of the enhanced headlights, Audi believes the projected forecasts will be successful. Figures A D exposit the proposed forecasts for each vehicle.Figure A.Figure B.Figure C.Forecasted Break-Even Point AnalysisFigure D.Evaluation and Control prosodyUtilizing control metrics to measure the success rate of employed strategies is a very important expression of the marketing plan. Ensuring the success of the chosen methods of marketing is needed to determine if changes should be and/or can be made to increase revenue. There are a variety of metrics tools that can be use d to benchmark marketing data, but identifying four ofthem will suffice for this particular analysis.1 Market size of it the number of units sold to a market in a specific period of time of time (1 year). 2 Market Share the number of units sold in a specific period of time that represents a percentage of the entire market size. 3 Brand Awareness Actual and potential customers being able to identify the Audi brand. 4 Customer Satisfaction Customers perception of Audis product and service delivery. (www.dobney.com, p.4-25).Contingency PlanningThe contingency plan for Audi headlights is very simple. As headlights are already used on every make and model, these advances in technology are not the reinvention of the wheel. These changes propose no danger to the continued success of Audis business operations. We will apply for a patent which will protect our new LED technology and lighting design for two years, and we actively pursue all copyright encroachment to prevent any future instances. As it is inevitable that after the two year protected period that others will follow our lead we will use those two years to develop new designs with admire to LED lighting that will not only increase safety, but will also set apart Audis brand by a visual representation contained in our headlight assembly. A lighten trademark if you will.Our definition of success with respect to contingency planning will be to defend our position for the first two years while developing a trademarked light design for all future Audi models.ReferencesAnonymous. Understanding market metrics. Retrieved August 17, 2014 from http//www.dobney.com/Research/market_metrics.htmAUDI AG. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.audi.com/corporate/en/company/corporate-strategy.html Audi Club North America Northeast. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.neqclub.org/about-us/audis-history.html Audi of America News Channel. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.audiusanews.com/newsroom.dojsessionid=B4BD8EEE4DAD44DA49 C746C83D80A7BE?&id=65&allImage=1&name=sales-news&mid=98 Insurance Institute for

South West Airlines a Review

SOUTHWEST AIRLINE ANALYSIS Contents SOUTHWEST AIRLINE CASE STUDY4 INTRODUCTION4 occasion 1 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS5 OVERVIEW5 MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS6 PESTEL Analysis6 Industry Analysis9 Five Forces Model Pictorial Re dedicateation9 Five Forces Analysis10 lineament 2 native ANALYSIS13 OVERVIEW13 SWOT ANALYSIS14 Strengths14 Weaknesses15 Opportunities15 Threats16 The VRIO Framework16 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS17 PART 3 CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES veneering THE COMPANY18 Mergers and Acquisitions18 Financial Outlay18 Legislation19 PART 4 strategic OPTIONS19 Ansoff intercellular substance19The TOWS Matrix20 PART FIVE EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS21 OVERVIEW21 PART 5 definition OF THE TOWS schema22 PART SIX DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED STRATEGY23 PART 7 CONCLUSION24 REFERENCES26 SOUTHWEST AIRLINE CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION Southwest airline is ground in the United States with its headquarters in D exclusivelyas, Texas, that principally serves a domesticated mountaininess concern in Federal America. The come with has grown from a few aircrafts at induction into the aircraft commercialise, to a fleet of umteen domestic carriers that serve the cock-a-hoopr domestic airline clientele.Started in 1971, Southwest Airlines jumped business with three Boeing aircrafts while inspection and repair three cities in Texas not fitly Houston, Dallas and San Antonio. Today the guild serves 97 destinations in 41 invokes within the US, the regularise of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and six near world(prenominal) countries with a fleet of 694 Boeing jets (Southwest, 2009). The federation is instantaneously one of the United States biggest airline companies, offering hapless apostrophize f bes to their clients.The lodge offers the last-place combination of aircraft f ares to its clients fashioning it one of the to the highest degree attractive airline carriers in the continent. The social club boasts of in sum total to the low fares a running(a) staff that are reliable as head as a friendly client overhaul, a rich corporate culture that extends deep within the communities they work with. The lodge has grown mainly through acquisitions and mergers with some other(a) companies and has been expound by Fortune Magazine as one of the most scotch companies of 2012 according to (Southwest, 2012).This report for meet under wee-wee an intensive look at the internal and away influences that furbish up the association as comfortably as the current resigns and challenges the community is facing. Further the report testament picture strategic options for the bon ton as headspring as an paygrade of them while describing the selected scheme. The main s tackleholders associated with the caller-up are the nodes proven by the effort with which the family strives to ensure their comfort through consideration of price, as comfortably as convenience offering many an(prenominal) flights to various domestic locations offering the customers convenience.Other important stakeholders held in control by the partnership are the employees of the caller who are dedicated to working for the company, suppliers who continuously accord countenance to the company as well as the immediate community that the organization interacts with. With relation to the metiers that the company possesses in the domestic airline industry the company foot be assumed to be working in a represent leadership generic strategy (Porter 1980). The reasons for this are that as the company is operating with the low cost policy to its clientele, the company has the advantage of working with a wide and broad institution of clients.The strength thereof for the company comes from working with the procedures of passengers that it ferries between destinations on a low cost policy. PART 1 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW An orthogonal outline is often partd by organizations in a bid to identify the terrors and the opportunities that exist in a c ompanys milieu. Opportunities and threats for companies are mainly of an out-of-door nature and can hurl a direct impact on a companys performance. Opportunities for a company much(prenominal) as Southwest Airlines are potentially rewarding conditions only when the company responds to them straight-lacedly and in the right manner.Threats on the other hand are the conditions that can potentially interrupt a company and provide hindrance for the company potentially preventing it from attaining its organizational goals and objectives. MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Macro-environmental abridgment involves a company analysing the environment that it has no control over. To do so is done with the purpose and intention of deriving the potential opportunities and threats that exist for the company allowing it to make appropriate considerations and decisions in the light of the issues presented.The PESTEL influence is the most popularized model commitd to analyse the macro environment of a company in addition to other forms of models and structures that are withal used in the analysis. PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis tool looks at the environments of the changes in Political climate, environmental climate, Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic as well as the Legal atmospheres surrounding the entity (DeWit, 2004). A diagrammatic representation of the external environment that surrounds organisations is as described below picDiagram 1 PESTEL representation reservoir Hunger (2011). Political Analysis The political climate surrounding the Southwest airline is not intensive. The managerial relations with the government of the day are okay. And therefore government interference in the affairs of the company is juicyly limited. Economic analysis An analysis of the economic environment surrounding Southwest airline is favourable. The domestic commercialize the company addresses is well responsive to the company as they endeavour to fulfil their mission of tra nsporting passengers at reduced rates that favour their consumers.The company has hold fat constant for the last 40 historic period. Socio-Cultural Analysis Socially the company has interacted well with their clients, suppliers and customers over the old age. By giving back and engaging in community social relations with the parties the company boasts of having a not bad(predicate) working as well as cultural background with the people it has cover upt with. The company owns a train centre from where they are able to give education to the people on aircraft flying as well as other airline related activities.In addition the company is heavily unionised so as to address the plights and concerns of their employees. Technological Analysis The company in recent years has obliged in scientific advancements by keeping up to date with the current agreements that are be introduced e reallyday integrating them into their systems. Systems such as booking, way of life paths as well as their company itinerary are on hand(predicate) online and they lead improved efficiency for the companies.The company further boasts of being the out step-up aircraft line to own a website in early 1995 as well as the downloadable tool in 2005, that notified customers of offers and promotions that the company was running. Environmental Analysis The company has engaged in sustainable forms of fuel usage as well as sustain ably monitoring their elections. Through projects such as Evolve, which involved the redesign of the cabins on the craft to accommodate competent waste disposal as well as reduce weight from waste on the craft.The company in recent time for example contracted Pratt and Whitey to supply the company with Eco- advocator water hale washing systems that allowed the company to wash the grime of the engines turbine blades while the aircraft was parked at the gate. This allows the company to engage in environmental friendly ways while still maintaining their goals of quick turnaround (DeWit, 2004). Legal Analysis The company has been engaged in various legal tussles with some of their effects being felt to this day.A legal issue with the Wright Amendment has over the years been a stumbling block for Southwest Airlines as it acts as a limiter to the numerate of turn around flights that the company can offer. Having a large customer base is an advantage for the company but with the Wright Amendment whose recommendations are still being eliminated in phases the legislation has prevented the company from delivering more than than than service to their clientele which would help them boost their revenues. Industry AnalysisConducting an industry analysis is withal essential for a company as it helps the company determine the profitability levels of the company within the competitive industry (Hubbel, 2013). The main objective for this analysis is often to determine the factors of competition that influence the industry. Conducting this type of analysis is mainly aided by the phoebe bird forces model that was presented by Porter, (1980). Its purpose is to mainly help create and manage competitive advantages for a company that whitethorn allow it to be steps ahead of the immediate competition.Five Forces Model Pictorial Representation pic Source Sridhar, 2012 Five Forces Analysis The five dollar bill forces analysis tool mainly undertakes a study of the takeing areas in the external environment of a company barriers to entry, substitutes available, supplier power, buyer power and finally competitive rivalry. Researching by concentrating using the supra areas of environment for a company helps a company greatly when coming up with specific strategies and the discipline procedures on which to follow so as to assess the coiffure of the company in relation to their current standing (Choo, 2002)Barriers to Entry Southwest airline is currently faced with a lavishly amount of entry barriers into the market. In recent time s airline companies have been conducting mergers and acquisition arrangements amongst each other mainly due to the high be that are found within the industry. Among the first challenges to entry the company was faced with was the Wright Amendment which was created in 1979. This federal law governed the traffic at Dallas Love Field which was the predecessor to the field of operation now located in Dallas, Texas.This amendment regulated the amount of non-stop flights between Texas and other states. This law caused the founders of the company to abbreviate on the local market dwelling with the demand that existed within the state of Texas. In recent times more specifically in 1997, 2005 and 2006 as a result of some repeal some of the curtail factors in the law were abolished leaving others intact. These led to the company increasing the number of direct flights in the state as well as expanding into other states around the country.In later times merging of companies has also create d a problem for Southwest Airline. The reason for this is that these mergers add the capital revenues for the other companies enabling them to invest more in profitable investments and thus more profits. This consequentially causes the company Southwest airline to lose out on market share and customers. some(a) examples of companies that have merged recently are Delta that merged with Northwest Airline, American and America West, United Airlines and Continental and the recent rumour that US Airways would be merging with American.Availability of Substitutes This refers to the alternatives that are available to the local customers. This is in reference to other forms of transport other than air. This challenge is not as pregnant to the company as since the other available forms do not meet the demands of the market in affinity to the demand for air transport. Transport by railroad is not as popular amongst the people since it is not enough in supply and not readily accessible. Road transport especially by bus too is not suited for the kind of clientele that need the go of the air transport.The customers who mainly use the service are frequent fliers as well as business people who need to hold up across the country on a regular basis to meet their clients and other people they whitethorn need to interact with in the course of their journeys. Supplier power The ability of the company to meet the demands of the market is very high. Supplier power refers to the size of the companies that are engaging in the supply of a service or a good. For Southwest airlines the company is very well capable to meet the demands of the market.The company service a large fleet of aircraft well suited for the job of transporting passengers and in addition has a very low rate of cancelled flights 16. 1% according to the statistics provided by American Skies in 2012. Buyer power The power of the consumers has been decreased by the capability of the company to manage their flights a nd fleets. In addition the company has a very high efficient rate of route utilisation meeting the demands of the market in a timely and capable manner. war-ridden RivalryThe competition surrounding the company is fierce. With the recent mergers of the afore mentioned airline companies operating in the US alone, the market has become very competitive and volatile for Southwest and thus the need of a good strategy so as to keep up in the market or else risk of exposure being phased out. Some of the companys main competitors are companies such as American Airlines, US Airways, United and Delta. These companies are engaged in acquisitions and mergers in efforts to dominate more within the market which poses a threat to Southwest Airlines.To win customer loyalty for Southwest Airlines in the highly competitive environment it is prudent that the paper also addresses the concerns that customers address before they identify an airline as their choice of carrier. Some of this factors that customers address are i. Reliability- Is the company able to offer on time departures and how do they allot customer baggage? For an airline that is constantly getting delays this is not a strong suit or losing luggage in transit and is a turn off for many customers. ii.Number of flights- This is another consideration as clients may be interested in travelling back and forth even within a day. The number of flights that a company handles is also a vital factor to win the loyalty of a customer to the company. iii. Pricing- This factor is the most important. In todays economies customers have become price sensitive and will go for the cheapest options available but that provide quality services that a client may odour as they have spent their money in a worthwhile manner. Using the PESTEL and Five Forces Models above a number of opportunities present themselves.The opportunities available are that once the Wright Amendment restrictions are lifted the company could increase the numb er of turn around flights delivering more services to the customers. The company could engage more in mergers and acquisitions to take advantage of more international flights to more destinations. The threats that pose a danger to the company achieving its goals and objectives include the chess opening of losing clients to other companies as a result of the mergers occurring that could in turn induce the lowering of prices by the other companies as they would have more resources.The threat of economic instability causes a rise in cost in provision of added benefits which would force the company to downsize staff or reduce on other cost or be left with the option of increasing fares so as to continue working expeditiously and effectively. PART 2 INTERNAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW This is an evaluation of a companys current position from an internal point of view with regards to the marketing operations and financial strengths of a company. Using a order chain for Southwest airlines would b enefit the company as they strive to offer valuable services in the industry to their stakeholders.Using internal analysis would benefit the company in streamlining operations as they would endeavour to use their strengths and turn around their weaknesses so as to create opportunities in the chains of activities in the delivery of operations that they would undertake. SWOT ANALYSIS An internal look at the company using the SWOT analysis reveals the strengths have by the company as well as the weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company.An internal analysis of the companys relations and affairs helps in trying to determine on which areas the company could by chance improve upon so as to come up with good strategies that the company can work with (Hunger, 2011). Strengths i) The company has a horse barn financial outlay that assists when it comes to mergers and acquisitions. The company recently announced an elaborateness program of their company headquarters where the y would because serve clients on a 24hr basis having ensured that their systems would be up to date and efficiently working for the market it seeks to maintain. i) Low fee airline. For the company this is a strength because consumers and the market get to enjoy quality services as well as at an affordable price making it one of the most profitable companies through opportunistic costs. The company through its numerous routes transports many passengers while conducting their quick turnaround system to meet the heavy demand present in the market. iii) A good working staff. One of the many fun facts about the company is that they have 1,355 married couples. This is a sign in addition to the many unions present within the company to address issues and concerns f the staff members. What the above facts present is that the company enjoys a good working environment and highly motivated at the same time. iv) The company has the lowest kick records according to American Skies 2012. The rat e was estimated to be at 0. 32 of every 100,000 passengers. This is a strength acknowledging a good appreciative customer base. Weaknesses i) With the maintenance of the low pricing strategy adopted the company has been utilizing the conditions have however been changing especially with the recent economic troubles that were experienced globally.In the aviation industry, this was affected by the high costs of fuel and other products. ii) Confined market. Over the years the company has been dealing domestically narrowing the number of consumers and who in turn developed an attitude towards the company when it came to destinations outside the domestic company. This left elbow room for other companies to set up shop in the international travel market. Opportunities i) The company has an opportunity to deal with the international market through associations created recently with companies such as AirTran Airways.The merger which is expected to be collar by the year 2015 is an opportu nity for the company not only to increase its revenue but to also expand its market. ii) Good pricing on aircraft. Dealing with exclusively Boeing to deliver crafts for the company the company has been the entrance pin for many of the Boeing designs and creations. The good relationship that exists with the company presents that the company can get good pricing deals for the aircraft that they incorporate into their fleets. Threats ) The company is faced with the threat of losing out on revenue with the high costs being incurred by the company in the conduct of its operations in comparison to the low pricing that they heading to their customers. ii) The recent merging trend happening in the industry also poses a great threat for the company. This threat poses the challenge for the company by them losing out on the market share which stands at 12. 3 according to the American Skies records, 2012. The VRIO Framework pic VRIO framework addresses the questions of Value, remnant, Imitab ility and Organization.Using this framework to generate strategic plans for a company is also a worthwhile strategy by asking the questions on the resources available to the company, are they valuable, rare, can they be duplicated and the capability of the organization to exploit this resources. For example using the resources of the company ie. Number of staff, aircraft carriers, capital outlay, loyalty of the customers we get the following results by asking the questions, i) Value Is Southwest able to exploit this resource or pay off a threat in regards to the resource? ii) Rarity Is Southwest in control of the industry on this resource? ii) Imitability Is the resource difficult to imitate in the industry? iv) Organization Is the company ready to take advantage of the market? For Southwest the answers to this questions are as found in the table below. Resources Value Rarity Imitability Organization Staff extravagantly Yes No Yes Aircraft carriers High Yes No Yes Customers Hig h Yes Yes Yes Capital outlay High Yes Yes Yes FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Financial analysis for the company reflects that the company has been doing well with a net income of $421 cardinal (? 279) in 2012 as reflected below Net income $421 million (? 279) Net income, excluding special items $417 million (? 76) contribute revenue passengers carried 109 million Total RPMs 103 billion Average passenger load factor 80. 3 percent Total operating revenue $17. 1 billion (? 11. 3) (Southwest, 2012). In comparison to the achievements the company has made over the years a good strategy needs to be determined and formulated so as to assists the company maintain its lead as well as strengthen it. PART 3 CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THE COMPANY The company as identified by the above tools of analysis reveals that the company is faced with a number of challenges as articulated below.Mergers and Acquisitions This challenge though Southwest company is also engaging in it shows that the co mpany is taking up its position within the international aviation industry in a slow paced nature. With other companies merging so as to take advantage of resources and opportunities means that they are gaining more within the markets. With a project as the merger between the company and AirTran Airways the process should be speeded up so as to create the opportunity for the company to engage in more destinations as well as the international market (Southwest 2012).Financial Outlay The company has steadily over the last few years been losing out on revenues and reduction in profits. For Southwest, this challenge has been as a result of increased costs of operations as well as diversion of revenue towards other projects such as the expansion of the headquarters for the company. For the company this poses the challenges for the company since they are investing in more acquisitions which are on a low share of the market bringing in little returns although increasing the number of desti nations that the company can reach thereof.Legislation Amendments to regulation such as the Wright Amendment are required to be amended fast and enforced so as to create an opportunity for the company to increase its number of flights between destinations to serve the large customer base and reduce on the loss of revenue. Federal legislation is what made the company start off at a slow pace that caused the company to lose out on gaining more market share. PART 4 STRATEGIC OPTIONSWith relation to Southwest airlines strategy of delivering services to their clients at the lowest costs confirms that the company wishes to continue with the generic strategy of cost leadership. With the options available for the company such as those of mergers this could entirely support the company in achieving its goals and objectives of expansion and cost effectiveness. Strategic tools such as the Ansoff Matrix and the TOWS matrix reveal strategic options that a company such as Southwest could implem ent and follow so as to increase their position in their market (Choo, 2002).Ansoff Matrix As depicted in the image below the Ansoff matrix is a simple model that helps a company identify the opportunities present for it to engage in and come up with a good strategy by looking at the factors of market penetration, product development, market development and diversification by comparing to the products offered and the markets available. For Southwest the company has penetrated the market effectively in the domestic scene whereas internationally the company is taking a slow route with the merging with other companies such as TransAir Airways.This tool links organizations marketing strategies together with the strategic directions that the company is pursuing so as to present the organization with alternative growth strategies. The tool identifies the market as well as the organization on the grounds of level of market penetration and market development. These 2 features of the market are analysed on the grounds of the relation of existing products to the existing as well as the new markets. Product development and diversification are measured and obtained in the view of how new products will relate or will be received in an existing market as well as a new market. pic The TOWS Matrix This employs the theory of the SWOT analysis but instead identifies the threats and opportunities first and the weaknesses and strengths are last. The reason for this is so that the management identifies the threats and opportunities first and then using the strengths and weaknesses finds the best solutions on how to handle them. The threat of losing out revenue and the emerging trends taking place in the market are the biggest challenges for the company. The opportunities for the company are those of penetrating the international market through mergers and partnerships with other airlines so as to gain ground.The company also has the opportunity to reduce costs by gaining discount s from suppliers and other available resource demanding duties so as to increase revenue. To increase opportunity and reduce the threats the company should employ the strengths of the strong financial outlay and engage in profitable projects to cover revenue base, and take advantage of the strong customer loyalty base available for the company. With weaknesses the company should re-evaluate their pricing strategy so as to keep up and maintain a stable working financial base without losing value from their customers.PART FIVE EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS OVERVIEW dodge evaluation is an easy task to perform for management of an organization especially when using procedures such as those described above. However it becomes more complicated when the strategies to use are concerned with emerging issues that are not expected. In the selection of the best criteria to use when selecting the best strategy so as to ensure its success in implementation the criteria that they need to meet r ange from consistency, consonance, advantage, feasibility, suitability, and acceptability.Developing a choice strategy, an organization should ensure that the strategy does and so meet all the above criteria so as to be considered as being worthy of implementation. In the case of Southwest airlines, using the generic strategies of the Ansoff Matrix, TOWS matrix to sort the internal elements that influence the organization and the PESTEL and five forces models for the external environment determining the best strategy would involve analysing the strategies using the criteria above.For the internal analysis the TOWS matrix lacks in consistency. The elements that present themselves are lacking in consistency due to the constant changes going on in the environment. As the company undergoes restructuring as a result of the merger with other organizations this presents the problem of different variables coming up making the matrix not suitable to rely upon. Unlike the Ansoff matrix that fits all the criteria as stipulated the failure by one strategy to meet this disqualifies it from being used.In the external analysis the PESTEL analysis is the best strategy to use as it has a broad coverage detailing the issues that are relevant this model out rightly fits into the Southwest Airline external environment. PART 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWS STRATEGY The TOWS analysis is the best method to utilize for development of the strategy. The matrix comprehensively involves an intensive study of the external and the internal environments that affect the company. The possible strategies that come out of the use of the TOWS analysis are i. Engaging in the International MarketPenetrating into the international market would be a rich opportunity as the company is already popular domestically and so the company could be assured of gaining ground in the market share. drop in this opportunity would be a gain for the company. With the repeal of the Wright Amendment with the last clause expected to be taken off in 2014 the company could easily take advantage of this opportunity and expand their market. ii. decrement of costs By reducing on the heavy investments such as the staffing costs the company could nevertheless on revenue and profits.Laying off excess staff and conducting an intensive study on which resources to save up on would create an opportunity of savings for the airline. iii. Taking advantage of more Mergers with other airlines The last strategy that the company could possibly engage in would be that of merging with more companies. This would lead to savings on capital resources for the company. At the same time more ground would have been covered as the companies working in conjunction with each other would help reduce the barriers that a company by itself would be challenged with.PART SIX DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED STRATEGY The strategy recommended for Southwest Airlines would be to embark on an international growth pattern. Going on global outreac h program would help the company boost its profit as it serves more clients in the international market. The reputation of the company as a result of being an already effected airline would help boost its image in the international scene especially as a result of the low pricing strategies that the clients would be expecting as well as the helpful members of staff.Providing a unvarying and adaptive transport system as the company is already known for domestically would ensure that the company would always have an awaiting market ready for them. By expansion through more acquisition programs as well as mergers the company would ensure that the fully meet the demands of the market. The idea of expansion is also practicable by that the company already possesses adequate resources from staff, to carriers and the capital to launch into the new ventures could easily be increase with respect towards the financial reserves that the company possesses.The expansion strategy is also suitab le and acceptable as the market is quickly turning global with individuals travelling further away mainly for the purposes of business or leisure. The world today has been brought together making it very accessible from one area to another. The physical requirements that could possibly be required would be those of carriers, which the company already possesses financially the company possesses the strength and capital. Human resource is not an issue for the company as it has a good relationship with its staff and in addition the company further possesses a large base of employees.Finally the company possesses the reputation of a good cost effective and dependable airline. With this the company has one of the biggest strengths that it could actually possess that would ensure its success in the international market. PART 7 CONCLUSION Strategy formation is an important aspect in enhancing organisational, and market growth. Strategy formulation enhances effective creation future growth plans for the organisation through continued research of the most effective strategies relating to organisations objectives and implementing them to ensure effective organisational growth.Southwest airlines realises this fact and hence inputs a lot of research and commitment into ensuring that congruous strategic decisions are met that enhance achievement of organisations overall objectives. Incorporation of a competent and skilled research and development team ensures that the organisation conducts the necessary research on their products, their performance, customer gratification and customer needs experienced in their current product market and anticipated venture markets.Through proper incorporation of the TOWS model, the organisation is able to understand market demands through incorporation of market penetration and development strategy, product development strategy and diversification strategy depending on current position of organisation products in the market and their ant icipated growth strategy. Therefore strategy formation plays a vital role in enhancing organisational development through incorporation of various strategy development measures that aim at expanding organisations market share and scope.REFERENCES Choo, M, Chun, W & Bontis, N 2002, The Strategic caution of Intellectual Capital and Organisational Knowledge. natural York Oxford University Press. De Wit, B & Meyer, R 2004, Strategy, Process, Context and Content An International Perspective, 3rd ed. , London, Thomson International Business. Gomez, M, Luis R, Balkin, D, & Cardy, L 2008, Management People, Performance, Change, 3rd edn, refreshful York McGraw-Hill Hunger, J & Wheelen, L 2001, Essentials of Strategic Management, Prentice Hall. Southwest. om, 2009, Southwest Airlines A Brief History. Retrieved on http//www. southwest. com/swamedia/swa_history. html Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York The Free Press Southwes t Airlines will become Launch Customer for the New Boeing 737 Max Aircraft 2011. Southwest Airlines Retrieved on 1st March 2013 http//www. swamedia. com/releases/7b1c6522-daf8-40be-98d4-ce354aa974d3 Sridhar, A. (2012) Information Systems Strategy and Management, Masters in Management Information Systems at UIC.

Human Resource Planning Essay

Organisations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Boots under make for kind-hearted resource formulation to de margeine a course of action, which processs them to function much in soldiers(p)ly by having the objurgate tug, in the estim commensurate place, at the right period and cost. Human resource programning was cognize as manpower purposening. It has been defined asThe natural action of be intimatement which is aimed at coordinating the requirements for and the availability of different graphemes of employeesBoots need to forecast their manpower involve, twain in terms of the crook of employees needed and the types of aptitudes and qualities required. It is besides classic to proctor and assess the productivity of the vivacious and easy sueforce and recognise the impact of technological potpourri on the way in which commercial enterprises be carried bug out.Boots human resource blueprintning team withal require to be fit to commit and analyse the f actors influencing and make the project markets from which the scheme recruits give up to satisfy its manpower needs. Human resource specia inclinings befuddle to work in spite of appearance these labour markets to keep hold of sufficient resources to meet the productive needs of Boots.Influences On Human Resource computeRecruitment and SelectionOne of the most authorised jobs for the human resources charabanc in Boots is recruiting and selecting newbornfangled employees. Without the right employees the business will be unable to operate efficiently or serve its customers properly or make any profits. With the proper recruitment and extract techniques, Boots peck make as sure as possible that they go off achieve these clinicals.Boots may need to recruit for about(prenominal) of reasons. The growth of Boots quarter flummox additional demand and at that placefore create a need for spear carrier labour. External influences such as technological educations mountain change job roles within the brass instrument, creating a need to recruit new bus with specific skills. Alternatively, va posteriorcies piece of tail be created through resignation, retirement and expatriateal.The Recruitment Process origin depth psychology rail line descriptionPerson specificationFinding suitable aspectsChoosing the best personTaking referencesMaking appointments prep and DevelopmentAn important part of manpower planning is the continual reassessment, identification and update of upbringing and discipline. Factors such as the introduction of new engineering science or new workings methods can create teach needs that suffer to be met if Boots is to remain competitive. In recent days in that respect has been growing employer aw beness that teach can play a significant role in developing a tensile and multi-skilled workforce.Boots organise k instanterledge and development programs for several of reason* To activate employees and increase j ob satisfaction, thereby minify absenteeism and labour turnover* Reduce wastage and accident pluck by creating a consistent capital punishment crosswise the work force* Develop the skills of animate employees to cope with labour shortages* To establish the most useful and efficient working methods in order to maximise productivity and remain competitive* Reduce employees unsusceptibility to change, perhaps deriving from the introduction of new equipment and the practical application of new technology.Per editionance chargeBoots needs to manage the implementation of its employees efficaciously if it is to remain competitive. This message that there essential be effective management look into exercised at both man-to-man and governanceal take aim.A range of processes and techniques need to be in place, which tot in altogether in allyow individual employees to know how well they atomic identification number 18 doing, and for managers to be able to monitor how well their subordinates ar performing.Performance observe provides companionship, which is of value for nameing prox nurture or promotion opportunities, and argonas where insufficient skills or knowledge could be deemed a threat to an employees efficiency.Managers exercise control at an individual and organisational aim through* preparedness by conniption objectives and targets* Establishing performance standards* Monitoring actual performance* Comparing performance a strivest targets* Rectifying mistakes and taking action.The Performance Management Process compass TurnoverThe labour turn over ratio is employ to measure the chalk up number of employees leaving an organisation in a given tip of time, usually a year. It is cipher in percentage terms victimization the formulaNumber of employees leaving over specific period x 100 beat back turnover = Average number of quite a little employedIt is important that labour turnover is continuously measured by Boots to warn of pot ential difference problems so that management can take appropriate action. Replacing employees disrupts efficiency and creates recruitment and training be. For a business to meet the objectives of its manpower plan, it is important that it denigrates labour turnover.A high labour turnover is trammel to contact the quality and level of yield as well as incurring manpower costs associated with the recruitment and training of labour.Labour stability IndexThe labour turnover ratio is a rather general measure. A much baffling indicator is the labour stability index, which is calculated using the formulaNumber employed with much than 12 months helper x 100Labour stability = Total number of provide employed unitary year agoThis index denotes stability because it emphasises those employees that stay rather than leave.Age StructureThe information on the age structure of the workforce analysed by different categories of employees is useful for several reasons. It will highlight a potential staff shortage problem that might be caused by a large number of employees all reaching retirement age during a relatively short period of time in the near future. It might show that a particular age group dominates certain positions within the companion, frustrate the promotional aspirations of some new(prenominal) employeesA detailed analysis if the age structure of the workforce of Boots, when railroad tieed to skill audits, can overly be of bringable value when deciding upon the allocation of training opportunities. For example, boots short-term objective might be to train all employees to use a new form of computer technology by the end of the year. When deciding who should receive training, Boots needs to know which employees already possess the required skills and which employees argon nearing retirement age, as training hoi polloi who argon shortly to leave the company would not be cost effective.I am going to be covering the argonas that surround Boots i n brent they are Alperton Barham Sudbury Sudbury royal court Preston Tokynton Wembley Central (where Boots is based)Ward% Under 8 years% Under 15 yearsworks Age (16 PA)% Pensi unrivalledr age% 85 and overAlperton14.120.967.811.71.1Barham18.719.364.415.61.3Preston1118.164.117.81.6St Raphaels16.628.660.510.90.6Stonebridge13.121.866.111.10.7Sudbury920.164.715.91.1Sudbury motor inn11.720.467.911.70.7Tokyngton12.120.86514.21.1Wembley Central13.222.266.211.60.7This entropy shows the percentage of tribes age in each ward. As you can actualise looking at the data Wembley central employ 66.2% of working pile organism the deuce-ace highest ward. in that locationfore in this area where Boots is located there would be a lot of workers working there.The data also shows the percentage of pensioners, in Wembley central the percentage of pensioners is low. This means businesses in Wembley central do not employ old people as there isnt legion(predicate) old people in this area as there ar e in Preston where majority of pensioners live.Boots would look at recruiting people that who are young, as they exigency young and active staffs. They would employ young people so they can step by step train them as they go along. By doing this Boots can provide a better service to there customers.WardTotal Un betrothal RateEstimated Rate for Black GroupsAlperton12.315.1Barham11.79.6Preston10.313.8St.Raphaels22.827.5Stonebridge23.127.3Sudbury10.714.7Sudbury Court810.6Tokyngto12.715.5Wembley Central13.815.2This data shows the unemployment rates in brant goose and the estimated rate for black groups. Unemployment rates for Black and Asian groups were higher than for unclouded groups. White unemployment rates were 10.9% whereas black unemployment rates were 16.5%. While there are no up-to-date unemployment figures by ethnical group, there is no reason to suppose that the differential in the midst of colour and other ethnic groups has fall significantly. Based on this assumption, the data above, estimates black unemployment rates in January 1996 compared with the rate for the whole population.This has been estimated by cypher the differential rate in unemployment between the black and other ethnic groups and all groups, then applying the digression to the January 1996 unemployment figures. For example black and other ethnic groups unemployment rates were 22.7% higher in 1991 in Alperton ward than for the white population. This percentage difference is then applied to the current rate. The resulting figure is intended to give a freehanded estimate of the carely unemployment rate for the black and other ethnic groups.The data shows that the lowest unemployment rate is in Preston ward and the highest rate is in Stonebridge. In Wembley central where Boots is based it looks homogeneous an average of unemployment members. This means that in this area there arent many unemployed people as the area is actually work due to businesses operating in the area an d competition with other businesses occurring. As a result of this businesses will need to recruit more people. For example if Boots were to employ more staff the business will be doing more work, the more work they do the more customers they get.% In tuitionRank in BrentPersons (18 +) competentRank in BrentAlperton60231220Barham71141514Preston71131811St. Raphaels5428730Stonebridge5427927Sudbury749199Sudbury Court748271Tokyngton65191026Wembley Central71111315These data shows the percentage of pupils in education in each ward. It also shows the percentage of people that are already qualified in Brent. As you can see that Sudbury Court prolong the number 1 rank in Brent whereas Wembley Central corroborate the rankings of 15.% In EducationRank in BrentPersons (18 +) qualifiedRank in BrentAlperton60231220Barham71141514Preston71131811St. Raphaels5428730Stonebridge5427927Sudbury749199Sudbury Court748271Tokyngton65191026Wembley Central71111315Those wards which have high proportions of the population qualified to a level above GCE A level are those wards which have the highest proportions of people in master copy and managerial occupations. This tells us that Sudbury Court has the most workers with qualification.Weekly average earnings (Full Time )198419861988199019921994Greater capital of the United Kingdom Males214.7255312.6383.1434.4467.3Greater capital of the United Kingdom Females142.8169.3208.2258.9308.6336.5Brent Males204.1242.4283.3338381.2402.1Brent Females120.1159172.5225.8267.9282.7This data shows the average weekly earnings (from 1984-1994) for male and females in Brent and Greater London. We can see from the data that from 1984 the males weekly earnings have increased as the years have gone on. The females earnings have also increased as the years have gone by, but not the same amount as the males. Some females signal that they are getting unfair pay, as their earnings do not match the males when they are working the same hours and the same jobs as them. If females go through neglected in the workforce they seek the equal opportunities for advice.We can see by looking at this graph that the level of males earnings in 1994 in Brent have increase, so has females earnings. However females earnings are not as oftentimes as males earning.Recruitment And SelectionThe first stage of recruitment is to conduct a detailed analysis of the job, which may involve questioning the current jobholder or observing the jobholder at work. The information gathered is guardedly recorded and analysed. Further information might be obtained through discussions with the jobholders manager of supervisor.When the job analyst gathered all this information, it should be written down in a summary report settleting out what the job entails. This report is called job description. It contains two types of information. It describes the tasks of the job and describes the behaviour essential to actually do these tasks. This is what a job description summ ary looks handleJob DescriptionJob Title sales AssistantDirectly responsible to Store managerDirectly responsible for No one attain with Managers, other sales assistants, personnel plane section, other stores and customersJob outline To champion meet customers requirements by providing them a high quality service to ensure they remain satisfied. To be able to bus with customer complaints, request and offer advice when required.Job responsibilities you need to maintain up-date knowledge of all products ranges and developments. As a company representative a overlord person, polite and sensitive manner should be adopted at all times. Whenever possible the companys own brand products should be promoted over those of its competitors.Job requirements all customers orders must be processed correctly using the company placement as in brief as the order is receive. Overall an individual target must be met. Complaints must be dealt with courteously and immediately.A person specifica tion, which is also known as a personnel profile, describes the characteristics and skills, which a person needs to be able to do the job to the required standards. in that location are many shipway to set out this information. This is what a person specification looks likePerson SpecificationPhysical appearance bright personal appearance, elapse, articulate speechAchievementsFive GCSEs at grade C or above. No old experience required, however it would be an advantage.Specific skills cheeseparing communication skills. Ability to listen to problems and offer practical suggestions. Willingness to learn. Competent with money.InterestsAny position of social business or participation in team related activity ainityPolite, pleasant and cheerful, ability to deal calmly with aggravated customers and to cope under drag. Good team workerPersonal circumstancesReliable person, good time-keeper, living local anaestheticly and involuntary to do additional overtime work during holiday perio ds.The next stage of the process is to attract whole those people who fit Boots person specification. Therefore Boots need to publish for a staff and it is important to advertise in the right areas. It is important to think about the type of people it is trying to attract and the publications they read.The ad should be done a well light uply and noticeable. The advertisement should also make it quite clear how any enkindle person should apply, and state whether applicants need to submit a copy of their curriculum vitae. at a time Boots has attracted applicants who match the person specification, the next stage is to gather information on each applicant. The main sources of information are1. Application forms2. Curriculum vitae3. InterviewsThe purpose of an application form is to gather information about the candidate that will give definite clues about personal attributes, qualifications, experience, etc. Boots make decisions about which candidates to short list by comparing th e information on application forms to the person specification. The completed application form is regarded as part of a candidates contract of employment. It is important that no false claims are make or any deliberate misinformation is included, otherwise the contract of employment could be void.A curriculum vitae (CV) is a document usually initiated and prepared by a job seeker. It serves a similar purpose to an application form. The CV includes the job seekers personal details, education, qualification, work experience, interest and ambitions.In addition, the CV should include any other information that would be belike to persuade a prospective employer to consider granting and interview. This is how a CV looks like and should be presented. (See next page)Curriculum VitaeName Salma Ahmed reference book 50 Tudor Court SouthWembleyMiddlesexHA9-6SE address 0208 900 9018 Home)07958172964 (Mobile)Date of Birth 20/11/1985Marital status Single depicted objectity BritishOccupation sava ntEducation Preston manor Sixth Form CentreCarlton boulevard EastWembleyMiddlesexHA9 8NA Sep 2002-2004Qualifications GCSEFrench BMaths CArt CEnglish Literature AEnglish Language BScience C/CHistory CDT CPersonal Profile I am a very hard working person. I like meeting deadlines and I am very reliable. I like working as a team as my communication skills are very well developed. I can work independently as well as in a team and work to the best of my ability.Work Experience Business Insight UK (Computer suppliers)Position I.T. AssistantAddress Alperton HouseBridgewater RoadWembleyMiddlesexHA0 1EHStart 04/06/01Finished 15/06/01Duties & SkillsDuring my experience at insight my duties were to deal with practiced trouble and solving them. I had to do mail orders and general office duties including filing, faxing, photocopying and other duties that were requiredAchievements passim my five years at Preston Manor, I have achieved many duties and responsibilities. I was a prefect where I ha d to help out the instill with any events or forthcoming events. I was also a member of the school council committee. I took part in many school activities and special(a)-curricular activities such as basketball, football and cricket. I had entered for a poem competition and the poem was published in a book called kaleidoscope.InterestsIn my spare time I make myself useful. I like to stay healthy and fit, l play lots of sports such as football and basketball. I also play snooker. I am sociable too as I go out with friends to different places. At home I enjoy reading books and sense of hearing to music. I take a lot of interest in computing and learn to develop my knowledge on it at home with computer books. I also use the Internet regularly prevalent as I find it very interesting and take a big interest in this too.Reference Are available upon requestThe structure of the selection interview depends on the reputation of the void and the size of the Boots. For some jobs, applican ts may be interviewed just once on a one to one basis. Other jobs often interview an applicant several times before they employ them or dismiss them.This is and example of the types of questions that may be asked during an interview at Boots1. Why did you apply for this job?2. Tell me more about youre past experiences?3. Why did you leave your last job?4. From your CV I can see that you have developed your skills, what are your strength and weaknesses?5. In Boots you may have to deal with tight customers, how would you deal with the situation?6. Give me an example of a situation you have faced?7. How well do you think you can contribute to the success of Boots?8. Do you have any references?Before we finish do you have any questions?These are questions that maybe asked by the interviewee to the applicant. During this type of interview, which would be face to face, the applicant must show that they are willing to carry out this job at high standards and are able it impress the interv iewee with skills and experiences that have been achievedDuring the interview the interviewee would usually mark the applicant(s) on a invertlist, which would be created to see whether the applicant is right for the job. This is how a checklist would look likeAfter this process is done the Human Resource incision then work out who is perfect and suitable for the job.This is the type of recruitment process that Boots would use. Often other jobs are advertised in the local newspaper and when the people see them they send off a garner of application, as they have no application forms or they never received any.A letter of application is simply a letter asking for the job and explaining wherefore the writer is suitable for it. The letter will be structured in any way the writer thinks is appropriate, and this very fact makes it a useful selection method. If the letter is badly structured, poorly expressed and full of spelling mistakes, it could indicate that the applicant is not sui table for a clerical or administrative job, which requires neat well-structured work.On the other hand, a poorly structured letter, which is nevertheless imaginative and interesting, could indicate that the applicant may be suitable for the job.On the next page is an example of a letter of application. This job place was found in the local newspaper for a job at Chorospan Ltd.John BatesPersonnel DirectorChorospan Ltd Preston ManorReginal Road Carlton Avenue EastChester WembleyCH2 7KB MiddlesexHA9 8NA10 January 2003Dear Mr. John Bates,Post of Personnel AssistantI am interested in applying for the job of personnel assistant advertised in the Wembley Observer on 9/01/03.I am presently studying for the Advanced Vocational level in Business at Preston Manor Sixth Form College, which I will finish at the end of June this year. My qualifications and educational details are in the curriculum vitae attached.I am very interested in personnel work and I did two weeks work experience at Action. com, (which now is known as Insight UK) in London in June of last year. I am also studying a personnel unit on my course, which has increased my interest and understanding in personnel work.I am available for an interview at any time convenient for you, apart from the dates of January 27 and January 30.Yours SincerelyAmit Patel learning And Development ProgrammeTraining is the acquisition of a body of knowledge and skills, which can be applied to a particular job.The resources dedicate to training can create substantial costs. It is important that training needs are correctly place and the desired standard of skill is established. The training programme needs to be administrated efficiently and evaluated the results achieved by employees that received training should be compared with the standard of performance it was hoped to achieve.Nowadays most large organisations like Boots employ professional training officers to run training programmes for employees. In a large manufacturi ng or services company, for example, the training manager will have teams of training instructors to teach all kinds of courses to employees. Even in small businesses several types of training will still be infallibleTraining can be dived into two main categories on the job training or off the job training.On the job trainingThis means that the employee acquire their training or development in the workplace itself. For many people they enjoy the direct link with their job and can see more clearly how relevant the training or development is to the performance of that jobOff the job trainingThis means attending courses, which may be in a college or a training warmness away from the workplace. This type of training is important to an employees calling development as well as creation an integral part of training a training programme.There are various types of trainingInduction TrainingInduction is the process of introducing new employees to the organisation and its way of life and c ulture. Employers use induction training as a means of introducing new employees to the organisation and ensuring they have necessary information and skills to perform their tasks to the required standard.Induction training can help to minimise labour turnover among new recruits by ensuring that they are make to feel welcome and are to the full aware of what the job entails. Induction training provides new employees with information about The organisations policies and objectives Future career opportunities Pay, training and fringe benefits Health and safety The organisational structure and layout The requirements of the job Colleagues and managersGood induction training programmes undefeatedly equalizer the amount of information that needs to be conveyed with the length of time employees can sustain their concentration.MentoringMentoring schemes are used by businesses both to develop good working relationships between employees and to provide employees with the opportunity to le arn new skills. Employees are allocated a mentor, usually an older or more experienced existing employee, whose role is to give notice and answer their concerns. The employee benefits from advice on issues such as career development and managing change. The mentor benefits from an increase sense of responsibility and the opportunity to pass on their personal knowledge.For some professional and senior posts, it has been found that mentoring is more effective if the mentor comes from an orthogonal organisation. The mentor would be expected to have a wide range of professional skills and experience and be able to offer independent advice and support.CoachingCoaching involves regular informal meetings between a mangers and an employee, which allow discussion of the employees performance in relation to the achievement of any objectives or targets. These informal performance assessment sessions enable a manager to identify an employees strengths and weaknesses.Coaching provides manager s with a means of both assessing an employees suitability for promotion and analysing the way an employee has coped with any additional responsibility or extra authority.In House TrainingThis is where employers run courses inside their own organisation. Courses might be held in an run-of-the-mine office room or in a smart training centre owned by the organisation. In house training schemes often referred to as on the job training, because it provides training and development to employees using resources within the organisation.The main benefits of using in house courses are They are middling cheap there is usually no need to employ outside trainers and lecturer Course content is tailor made for your organisation Reference and examples to highlight points can be related to your own organisation Everybody knows one another, so there is no time wasted in having to get to know peopleThe success of in house training schemes is dependent upon the teaching skills of the instructors. Ins tructors need to possess good communication skills and be able to break down, explain and prioritise each section of a particular task.External CoursesSometimes it is necessary to send staff to do courses elsewhere. This may be with another employer or at a specialist-training centre or at the factory of an equipment supplier. Externally run training schemes are normally used by smaller organisations, as they usually have too few employees requiring training to justify expenditure on specialist training facilities and full-time instructors.The benefits of using external courses are They bring together specialist trainers who would never be available to an in-house course chiefly because of the high cost Course members get together from several organisations, and this enables them to learn more about each other and how their respective organisation operate Trainers place big value on the benefits of being away from the workplace the course members are in a pleasant and peaceful en vironment away from any distractionsExternal courses are generally quite expensive because this includes fairly luxurious accommodation in lavish surrounding and the guest speakers are exceedingly paid. This means employers have to think very seriously about the value of such courses to the organisation and they have to carefully identify which staffThe National Training SystemTraining and enterprise councilsThis was first established in 1990. This helps businesses to identify their training need. Sponsored by the organisation and led by local people, there are some 80 TECs in England and Wales. Their mission is to encourage economic growth through effective training and enterprise.Investors in peopleTECs are also responsible for assess firms that wish to be recognised publicly as placeors in people. The idea behind the initiative is that investing in people is one of the most effective ways of improving business performance. To gain recognition as an investor in people, companie s like Boots must meet lordly training standards.Individual learning accountsIndividual learning accounts are designed to help individuals manage, plan and invest in their own learning and, therefore, take charge of their career and future. They are sort of a banking concern account into which the government, the individual and the employer all make a contribution, and the money is used to buy training and education, both now and in the future.Modern apprenticeshipsModern apprenticeships provide young people with a means of obtaining a nationally recognised qualification while gaining valuable work experience. This is basically when young people are working and having education at the same time (part time college).National vocational levelsNVQs are occupational qualifications based upon an employees ability to reach defined levels of skill or competence in carrying out various tasks connected with their particular occupation. The basis for awarding an NVQ is an assessment of an em ployees level of competence, and any necessary underpinning knowledge.Several techniques can be used to help promising employees to develop their abilities and give management a better idea of exactly where the employees future may lieJob Rotation large people a range of jobs in rotation widens their experiences and increases their skills.Job Enlargement fine-looking people extra tasks to do gives management a better idea of the employees true capacity, ability and stamina.Job EnrichmentAdding more interesting and more difficult tasks to the job. This might be done with a person of very nifty potential to see just how capable he or she tangiblely is.There are so many other courses of trainings that a business like Boots can look into. These are the key aspects of the training and development program. Most of the methods of trainings shown before are some of the trainings that Boots themselves take up on. The other types of trainings Boots could look into to help develop their staf fs and train them to offer a better service to the their customers.Human Resource Management The authority For ConflictIn a large organisation like Boots conflict is inevitable. Basically, the resources that can be utilize to this area are limited and everyone needs a large share of them.The main areas of conflicts are as follows department RivalryBoots does not have unlimited resources to devote to its human resources activities such as training and staff development. The human resources management has the difficult task of deciding who should be given the benefits of those activities and this is also an area where there is huge potential for conflict. Departmental managers will all want to make sure that their departments do not miss out but they cannot all get bigger slice at the ginmill if the cake is of limited size. assessmentThis is a common feature of most organisation but it is a very difficult area and fraught with difficulties. To some long standing employees, apprais al is simply unacceptable. They hate to think that someone is looking over their shoulders or making decisions on how good they are.Even if all staff are fully trained and happy to accept an appraisal system, there is still some potential for conflict. Staff might have a higher opinion of their performance that their managers and this can lead to disagreements and disputes. There can be suggestions of favouritism or victimisation even in a well organize systems such as that of Boots.Recruitment And SelectionThe department that controls selection and recruitment is in a crocked position to reward individuals and give them better salaries or more attractive jobs. In making decisions, the department is never going to please everyone. If Boots decided to appoint externally then this could have caused conflict with all essential candidates.Trade UnionsOne of the functions of the trade unions or representatives of the staff or any organisation is to gain the maximum pay and the best c onditions for the employees. The human resource department have to ensure that salaries and wages are the minimum to attract the best or most appropriate staff.Performance Management And indigenceal TheoriesIt is important that Boots measure the performance of their employees against their aims and objectives and mission statement. This way they can see whether the company are doing well. This term is known as management by objective, in which the performance of the individual and organisation is consistently being measured against objectives and targets, which have been agrees jointly by managers and employees.The monitoring process requires the measurement of performance and then linking these performance measurements against the achievement of objectives.For individual employees, the monitoring process, is usually complemented by some or all of these review systems Appraisal Self military rating Peer evaluation 360 degree evaluationAn appraisal system is used to review the standa rd of work being undertaken by people within an organisation and to assess the value or contribution of individual employees. Appraisal and performance review interviews are used by employers to Reinforce company goals Identify training needs and career opportunities Recognise good performance Review and set new targetsThe person who appraises is called the appraisor and the person being appraised is the appraisee.It is important that consideration is given during the appraisal interview to the extent to which an employee has reached objectives concur at an earlier meeting (such as the previous years appraisal).Firstly, the appraisor writes an appraisal report of the appraisee. Secondly, this is discussed with the appraisee at an interview. There are several options availableSelf EvaluationBefore attending the interview, individual employees might be asked to consider their own view of their performance for Boots. Self-evaluation enables an employee to decide what his or her object ives are and identify training and development needs.The main problem with self-evaluation is that it can be highly biased. Some employees overestimate their performance through a fear of admitting their weaknesses and this is what the appraisor look out for. Other employees under estimate their performance because they do not want extra responsibility or because of false modesty.Peer EvaluationTo inform the performance review process, many organisations also look at compeer evaluations of the individual. This is based on the idea that the best people to provide feedback on an individuals performance are those who operate at a comparative level. on the face of it this can only be carried out in complete confidentiality, so that the people making the peer evaluation do not feel that there can be any come back.360 detail EvaluationThis is the most modern approach it is sometimes called peer appraisal. In 360 degree evaluation the apraisee is appraised by most of the people they de al with. Therefore a middle manager would get appraised by staff working for them, by fellow managers and by their boss.This gives an extremely thorough picture of an employee and it pinpoints strengths and weaknesses very well. However, it takes up much staff time. Nevertheless it is very popular.It is important that Boots employers carry out appraisal interviews every year or every six-month so that they can keep on track how their employees are doing and also check if they are meeting the businesses objective. They can also set new objectives and targets to the employees in this type of interview as the appraisor would have found out what the employees strength and weaknesses are.The benefits of performance appraisal It helps to identify training needs It may reveal other problems It may untap useful new skills It improves communication between employees and managers a few wrangle of encouragement and praise for doing a good job are often highly motivating.MotivationMotivation d escribes the extent to which an individual makes an effort to do something. Boots are likely to improve performance, in terms of productivity, attending rates, cooperation and quality, if they can find ways of increasing the willingness of their employees to make even greater efforts at work.Motivation is the force that drives people to satisfy their needs. Human needs are varied and complex, and it is only relatively recently that psychologists have started to analyse how these forces operate and interact in the workplace.During the 1950s two American researchers, Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg, evolved theories about human needs, which have since helped managers to understand how to encourage people to perform more effectively at work.Abraham Maslow and The Hierarchy Of NeedsMaslows ideas focus on the value of developing self esteem and of helping people to fulfil their potential. Maslow tell that all motivation comes from meeting unsatisfied needs. He stated that there was a ranking of need, which must be achieved in the correct order from the bottom to the top of a pyramid. Basic physiological needs like food and water are at the bottom and self-actualisation is at the top.The need Which is achieved bySelf-actualisation Personal growth and self-fulfilmentEsteem RecognitionAchievementStatusSocial needs Affection/love resort needs SecurityFreedom from pain and threatsPhysiological needs Food, water, and airOnce these have been satisfied, more and more higher level need start to come to the fore in determining what motivates us. When one level of need is satisfied, it decreases in strength and our actions are then dominated by the next level and so on.Basic physical needs these include things like food, shelter and warmthSecurity needs these can be things like a safe place to live and security of employment.Need for social affect people need contact with family members, friends and work colleagues.Need for self-esteem people gain self-esteem when they feel that their achievements are recognised and rewarded. This may be anything from a few words of praise to tangible things like a new house or carNeed for fulfilment this usually involves some form of personal development, achieving goals or the successful completion of an ambitious projectMaslow has contributed much to our understanding of the wide range of needs that working people have. He was one of the first researchers to realise the importance of motivational factors such as Enhancing peoples self-esteem Giving them a challenge Providing opportunities for personal growth Giving people extra responsibilityFrederick Herzberg and The Two Factor TheoryIn 1957 Hezberg devised the motivation-hygiene theory, which stated that two groups of factors affect employees motivation. He studied thousands of workers to find out what satisfied and what dissatisfied them about their jobs. He discovered, naturally enough, that some things gave employees satisfaction while other th ings made them dissatisfied.Herzberg called the things that satisfy people job content factors and the things that dissatisfy people job context factors. He said that certain elements in a job motivate people to work harder.Job content (inside circle) normally involves aspects such as achievements, recognition, opportunities from promotion, responsibility and the nature of the work itself. Job content factors are factors within a job that can cause satisfaction. These factors are sometimes known as satisfiers or motivators.Job context (outside circle) includes aspects such as working condition, pay, company polity, organisational structure and administration. They are called job context factors because they are outside the job. Poor job context factors can cause dissatisfaction and can demotivate, but good job context factors are not enough in themselves to provide job satisfaction.Mangers must focus upon some of these factors if they want to increase job satisfaction and motivate employees.As we can see looking at both Maslows and Herzberg theories, that these methods will help employers and managers motivate their employees to get the best work out of them to keep the company alive.It is important that motivation takes part in all businesses, as motivation is a key aspect of the performance management part of the business. We can now see how businesses like Boots are influenced by these two motivational theories, however there are more theories that cover the whole concept of motivationWe can see the main purposes of performance management and why it is so important to large and small businesses like Boots. Performance management plays a big successful part in a business as long as it keeps the employees happy and motivated.Planning The workforce (Human Resource Planning)There are four main reasons for human resource planning1. It encourages employers to develop clear links between their business plans and their HR plans so that they can integrate the two more effectively, for all concern2. Organisations can control staff costs and numbers employed far more effectively3. Employers can build up a skill profile for each of their employees. This makes it easier to give them work where they are most value to the organisation4. It creates a profile of staff which is necessary for the operation of equal opportunities policyBecause of the dynamic nature of the modern global business environment, human resource planning is an ongoing process. A business like Boots needs to alter its objectives continuously to take account of New technology emerging world markets Green and ethical issues Workforce demandsNew TechnologyThe rate of technological change is accelerating. It permeates every aspect of business activity design, production planning, production control, automated production, warehousing, despatch, transportation, administration systems, management information systems, and so on. Robotics, automation and information technology are sti ll in their early stages of development. As progress continues, the nature of industry and commerce will change even more dramatically. Human resource plans should consider the likely impact of technological change on the type of employees that the organisation will require in the future as well as considering the training implications for existing employees.World MarketsInternational companies are able to cause world markets, enjoying considerable economies of scale, oddly as transport costs continue to fall in real terms. Worldwide production facilities, automation and access to instant information anywhere in the world are changing the nature of companies. Businesses, which do not deliver quality goods and services on time, are being bypassed. Consumers demand more choice and new products. Product life cycles are shortening and product development time scales have had to speed up. Internet selling has become firmly established and organisations require highly flexible work forc es to survive in such an environment.Green And Ethical IssuesBusinesses have to maintain a good relationship with their customers and suppliers. That relationship can be threatened by bad publicity, and companies need to be aware that they are scrutinised by many pressure groups that seek to publicise unfair or unethical practices. Green peace, for example, protests against environmentally unfriendly practices, and it sometimes targets action against individual companies as well as move pressure on business as a whole. There have been many examples or pressure groups staging high-profile demonstrations against individual companies and organising boycotts of their products.Workforce DemandsConditions at work have improved enormously, compared to how they were a hundred years ago, but employee expectations continue to rise. Employees demand better working conditions and a better quality of working life. They want to be consulted about matters that affect them at work. They certainly have higher expectations about work than previous generations people are not likely to be committed and loyal to employers that do not consider their needs and expectation. Human resource plans need to offer suitable training, development, motivation and rewards to satisfy employees and to ensure that those people with the highest skills and expertise are attracted to, and retained, by the organisation.These are factors that have influences on human resource planning. It is important that businesses like Boots think about these factors and how they might work from it and what kind of things the business may have to beware of. Good planning means a successful business.To successfully implement a human resource plan, a manager needs to obtain the cooperation of everybody within and outside the organisation. The human resource manager needs to motivate and enlist the cooperation of customers, suppliers, the managers own staff, senior managers and people in the other departments.Manpowe r Planning And Internal StaffingOne of the most important plans the human resource manager makes is the manpower plan. This sets out the number and types of employees that will be required by an organisation in the future.Manpower Planning And The External Labour Market FactorAs well as the continuous analysis of the internal staffing resources, manpower planning must also be supported by monitoring, the availability of labour from external resources. If an organisation fails to monitor the pool of potential recruits in the working population at both local and national level then it runs the risk of not being able to satisfy any additional manpower requirements from external resources.Local External CoursesWhen assessing the extent to which future manpower requirements can be satisfied from local labour markets, manpower planning must take account of Demographic trends, with particular emphasis on the general size and age structure of the local working population Developments in th e local transport system that determine the effective catchment area for labour Unemployment rates, and the availability of workers with particular skills, qualifications and experience.National External SourcesBoots must also consider the extent to which it ability to meet its manpower requirements may be influenced by national factors. National policies, demographic trends and developments can affect the ability of the organisation to recruit certain types of labour, and can have implications for profits levels and the conditions of employment.Manpower planning must therefore also take account of National demographic trends, particularly any implications for the growth of the working population Economic trends which affect the demands for different types of labour in nowadayss economy, for example, there is greater demand for people with practical science and technology skills and those with customer service skills required in call centres Education and training trends, such as central government measures, which change the emphasis and structure of university courses and the provision of technical and vocational education in school and colleges New legislation, including government policies and EU directives on wages and salary negotiations, the role of staff associations and trade unions, equal pay, sex discrimination, employment protection, working time and industrial relationsStatistical AnalysisThere is a great deal of statistical information, from government and private sector sources, relating to the impact of local and the national factors on the labour market. This type of analysis is particularly useful to any organisation drawing up a manpower plan in support of business relocation or the setting up of a new business. potation Up The Manpower PlanIf an organisation like Boots have identified the strengths and weaknesses of an organisations existing workforce and the external labour market factors impacting upon its ability to recruit and retain labour, a manpower plan can then be devised.The manpower must deal with Recruitment Transfers Redundancies Training Productivity Labour turnoverRecruitmentA schedule must be produced that deals with the timing or the recruitment programme for the various types and levels of labour. It must set out an approach to tackling any possible labour recruitment difficulties that have been identified by earlier investigations.TransfersThe manpower plan needs to cover the future redeployment of existing employees between various jobs, department, sections and locations. The plan covers not only within existing premises but also any transfers involving proposed movements of employees to different geographical locations where organisation operate.RedundancyIf some jobs have become obsolete, or the organisation needs to bring low its activities in certain areas, it needs a programme for redundancies. This must cover the timetable and selection procedure for redundancies and/or early retirements, and the determination of redundancy payments and pensions. The plan must also specify how the organisation in tends to assist redundant employees in their search for alternative employment.TrainingThis section of the manpower plan deals with the duration, structure and content of training and apprenticeship courses. It should cover induction and training of young recruits and the training and retraining courses for existing employees.ProductivityRecruitment, selection, training and promotion measures are designed to ensure that the best possible people sate existing and future positions. However, they must be supported by actions so that all employees can work more productively. Productivity can also be raised by measures aimed at improving industrial and human relations within the organisation. If employees feel valued and get job satisfaction, they are likely to be better motivated and more productive.Labour TurnoverA high labour turnover is bound to affect the quality and level of output as well as incurring manpower costs associated with the recruitment and training of labour. Having identified the avoidable causes of manpower wastage, the plan may suggest some remedies to reduce wastage.Having produced a manpower plan, every effort must be made to ensure that it is continually updated in the light of both internal and external developments that affect the organisations ability to meet its demand for labour.We can see how human resource planning is vital for nearly any business. Planning the workforce is good breeding for creating a tougher and successful workforce, which would then create better services. It is important that Boots also plan their external and internal developments too as it may affect the business to meet their demand for labour.