Music Therapy Within Children And Adolescent Bereavement

Music Therapy Within Children and Adolescent Bereavement While the bereavement process may be a universal chapter of life, the experience itself is conclusively subjective. Specifically for younger individuals, bereavement is a very complex encounter because developmental factors must be considered. The loss of an individual in a child’s life is heavily influenced by the time in which it occurs because coping mechanisms may or may not be developed. For example, if a child does not understand the context of death, they most likely will not have adequate coping skills to process this life-changing experience. Children and adolescents who are facing bereavement may face developmental relapse as well as changes in social, behavioral,†¦show more content†¦In their article, McFerran et al. gives a great representation of the role of music within the realm of children and adolescent bereavement: The function of music can be metaphorically represented as both a mirror and a window for the teenager. The idea of music serving as a mirror reflects an emphasis on the personal, including the intrapersonal and private roles that music can fulfill when there is no expectation of an audience for their musical engagement†¦ The contrary idea of music serving as a window encompasses the social, interpersonal, and cultural functions that music naturally serves for young people.† (McFerran et al, p. 543-544). Within the world of a teenager, the desire to feel normal is very natural. When going through the bereavement process, these individuals undoubtedly need support, but this must be approached with caution. By providing these individuals with a familiar variable, they may feel more comfortable with sharing what emotions they may be experiencing. Various studies have concluded that the relationship between children, adolescents, and music is very synonymous. Adolescents in today’s modern world tend to familiarize themselves with music in which they can relate. Furthermore, this preferential music may provide that validation for teenagers who are grieving, making it known that what they are feeling is not atypical.

Case Study of Failed Financial Institution Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case study of a failed (or troubled) Financial Institution. Answer: Introduction A financial institution refers to an entity or establishment with a responsibility of conducting financial or monetary transactions such as deposits, loans, investments and currency exchange (Gieve Provost 2015, p. 61). Research has shown that financial institutions play a very important and unique role in the economic process. A strong linkage has also been proved evident between financial sectors of the economy and the economic growth (Eichacker 2016, p. 21). The failure of financial institutions is a phenomenon that has seriously characterized the history of economic growth and development of many developed and developing nations. Other than the economic consequences of the financial crisis in an economy, the banking public has also suffered tremendous psychological, emotional, social and financial problems. The essay, therefore, will provide an analysis of case study of a failed financial institution in a bid to understand the events leading to the failure, the causes of the fail ure and the regulatory response to the failure. A financial institution can be said to be struggling or experiencing a failure when its unable to meet the obligations of its depositors and creditors because of insolvency and inability to meet its liabilities. Economically, financial institutions are said to be in a state of failure if the market value of its assets falls to a value which is considerably lower than the market value of its liabilities (Darrat et al. 2016, p. 164). Just as the global economic and financial crisis of 2008, any financial crisis to any nation would have adverse effects if not addressed with the relevant regulatory and policy frameworks. The case study in this essay will examine the events and causes of failure financial institutions in the Republic of Iceland, which lead to the collapse of three banks as denoted by Dewing and Russell (2016, p. 165). The events leading to the failure of the banks were all attributed to the financial crisis 2008 and the meltdown of the Iceland economy (Mcllroy 2008, p. 285). Dewing and Russell (2016) also assert that it took a period of five years since the privatization of the banking sector in Iceland in 2003 to its collapse in 2008. The fall or failure was considered and placed 3rd among the history of bankruptcies of banks in the US. Later the government had to play a role in the regulation of the activities of the financial institutions. It is from the same domain, where the Special investigation Committee conducted a research to understand the causes of the failure of the banks despite government intervention in solving the already existing financial crisis. The first cause of failure was the issues related to the growth of the banking industry and its credibility. Sigurthorsson (2012) denotes that over that period, the lending portfolio and balance sheets of the banks had grown immensely and to a level that could not be controlled. As a result of the growing portfolio, the management and the supervisors of the financial institution could not keep up with the rate of expansion of lending services which was growing rapidly. It was therefore not reasonable enough to keep such a high risk growth as it was incompatible with demands and long-term interests of growing banks. Also the financial, monitoring and evaluation bodies did not grow significantly as the partners rate of growth of its partners and as a result, they were not able to perform its task of regulation and control as required (Johnson 2012, p. 12). These banks also suffered from increased margins of foreign debts, these were especially sought from the European debt securities market and others at the American debt securities market. The underlying reasons for this economic behavior were due to the existence of good credit rating and also the access to potential markets in Europe (Sigurhorson 2012, p. 148). Research has shown that these three banks had a magnitude of 14 billion in foreign securities market a debt which was more than the countrys GDP. The special investigation committee was of the opinion that, the decision to borrow from these foreign securities was done with too much haste and hence the reason for the failure. The market forces of demand and supply could have led to the reduction of the interest rates, because if the interest rates go up then access to borrowing becomes more difficult. Due to lack of management action on the increased foreign debt, by 2007, the banks were in a serious crisis of finding ways to finance the debt securities. Thirdly, there was too much concentration of risks in the financial institutions centrally to the principle of diversification of risk which is very important in the operations of the financial institutions or banks. For example, the Bogor group and affiliated companies had securities in all the three banks. The financial institutions should not take too much risk because of one party such that the general performance of that bank is depended on the performance of the group. The behavior can end up proving to be very harmful to the depositors and other creditors of the bank in the event of a loss (Angeliech 2014, p. 5). The financial institutions experienced a failure also because of the weak equity base. According to Suetin (2012), equity capital is a very important asset in the operations of the financial institutions and bears a great influence on the ability of the banks to finance its operations weak equity is characteristic of loans with collateral in own shares and forward contracts. Therefore,the study showed that financing of the owners equity from borrowing from the system itself threats the stability of the financial institutions. So these banks were using most of their equity in financing their debts, which destabilized the institution. The other reasonfor failure and collapse of the institutions were the incentive schemes. The SIC report showed that from 2004 to 2008 that the management and other staff of the banks had a link to their price stock which was way above and beyond what was considered acceptable for a good incentive scheme (Iceland.org, 2010). Lastly, the financial institutions kept a higher record of foreign currency loans according to the Iceland's Meltdown Report (2011, p. 56). Research has shown that by doing so the banks were creating foreign exchange risks. There was also the problem of external audits. During the fiscal years 2004 to 2004 that were the annual accounts of the financial institution. The performance was endorsed without reservations by auditing firms by which the decision to use them was a choice of elected by the shareholders of the financial institution. A report by another audit showed that these financial statements did not reflect or give a true picture of their financial information status of the banks which then misguided the user of those financial statements both the internal and external users. In response to the financial issues which led to the collapse of the three major banks in Australia, the government of Iceland formed a consultative group which was to discuss and find appropriate measures to revive the operations of the banks and the economy at large. The consultative group composed of the ministry of finance,prime ministersoffice, ministry of business affairs, the central bank of Australia, and the FME. Through a series of discussions and engagements with different stakeholders and experts, the consultative group in February 2007, through the credit rating agency, had upgraded its policies on the long term credit of the three banks, this lead to the fall of the exchange rate of the Iceland Krona as well as the domestic prices (Iceland.org 2010). It was the efforts of the consultative group, which also ensured that the government does not ignore the issues of the Iceland banks but communicates them to abroad economies for assistance. The initiative led to a special meeting by ambassadors on February 22nd, 2008, with the sole purpose of deliberating the financial sector under the economy of Iceland. And eventually, the problems associated with the equity of the banks and also the liquidity was addressed by the central bank of Iceland (CBI). In a bid to remedy the financial crisis, Johnson (2012) denotes that the regulatory authorities, guided by the supervisory board of central bank of Iceland held a meeting on 23rd of May 2008. It was found that 170 billion of the guarantees of the CBIs collateral loans were debt securities and the banks were suffering from foreign debt securities especially from the American debt securities market. These securities were issued for each other and in any case, they were to be submitted when the collateral loans were acquired. Through the intervention of the finance minister Mathieson, who presented a bill to parliament that would authorize the treasury of Iceland to acquire a foreign loan of UK 500 billion; the bill was then passed on the 29th of May 2008. Such initiative allowed for banks to borrow internally and eased the burden of foreign debt as the treasury through the central bank of Iceland was to control the lending activities of the bank (Darrat et al. 2014, p. 56). There were some main weaknesses in corporate governance and supervisory in the financial crisis, this involved weaknesses of the risk management systems and lack of qualified board oversight as well as a robust risk management team (Sietin A, 2009). The corporate governance did not safeguard against risk taking which eventually led the financial institutions to foreign debt risk and concentrated risk instead of risk diversification. Conclusion Financial crisis needs to be addressed when they occur by laying down economic policies and strategies which will solve the problems effectively. The case study of Iceland financial crisis foreshadows the major events, causes and the social responsibility of the corporate governance in addressing any financial crisis globally, the initiatives may not necessarily be similar but there exist a causal effect relationship. A firm's understanding of the inherent risks is very important because for the Iceland banks the liquidity risks should have been taken into consideration in the first quarter of 2007, this would have prevented further outcomes in 2008. There is also need to understand and control over all the potential balance sheet growth and liquidity needs. A limited knowledge on these would have severe effects in case of a crisis. Lastly, there should be a coordinated approach to the management of the financial institutions in assessing the firm's wide risk exposures. References Angelich, CD 2014, 'Financial Speak: A Method to Unmask Neoliberal Capitalism and the Ideology of Perpetual Growth', Global Media Journal: American Edition, pp. 1-16, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Darrat, A, Gray, S, Park, J, Wu, Y 2016, 'Corporate Governance and Bankruptcy Risk', Journal Of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 31, 2, pp. 163-202, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Dewing, I, Russell, P 2016, 'Whistleblowing, Governance and Regulation Before the Financial Crisis: The Case of HBOS', Journal Of Business Ethics, 134, 1, pp. 155-169, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Eichacker, N 2016, 'Lesson from Iceland's Financial Crisis', Dollars Sense, 323, pp. 21-25, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Gieve, J, Provost, C 2012, 'Ideas and Coordination in Policymaking: The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009', Governance, 25, 1, pp. 61-77, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Iceland's Meltdown. (cover story)' 2011, Mortgage Banking, 72, 1, pp. 74-81, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Johnson, J 2012, 'COLLAPSE and RENEWAL: Icelandic Theatre after the Banking Crisis', Theatreforum, 41, pp. 12-20, International Bibliography of Theatre Dance with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. McIlroy, DH 2008, 'Regulating risk: A measured response to the banking crisis', Journal Of Banking Regulation, 9, 4, pp. 284-292, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Sigurthorsson, D 2012, 'The Icelandic Banking Crisis: A Reason to Rethink CSR?', Journal Of Business Ethics, 111, 2, pp. 147-156, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Suetin, A 2012, 'Causes of the Current Financial Crisis', Problems Of Economic Transition, 52, 3, pp. 44-58, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017

The Clifford And James Philosophies On Beliefs

J.J. Thomson Atomic Theory and Biography

J.J. Thomson Atomic Theory and Biography Sir Joseph John Thomson or J.J. Thomson is best known as the man who discovered the electron. J.J. Thomson Biographical Data Tomson was born December 18, 1856, Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, England. He died  August 30, 1940, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. Thomson is buried in Westminster Abbey, near Sir Isaac Newton. J.J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron, the negatively-charged particle in the atom. He is known for the Thomson atomic theory. Many scientists studied the electric discharge of a  cathode ray tube. It was Thomsons interpretation that was important. He took the deflection of the rays by the magnets and charged plates as evidence of bodies much smaller than atoms. Thomson calculated these bodies had a large charge to mass ratio and he estimated the value of the charge itself. In 1904, Thomson proposed a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter with electrons positioned based on electrostatic forces. So, he not only discovered the electron but determined it was a fundamental part of an atom. Notable awards Thomson received include: Nobel Prize in Physics (1906) in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases  Knighted (1908)Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge (1884-1918) Thomson Atomic Theory Thomsons discovery of the electron completely changed the way people viewed atoms. Up until the end of the 19th century, atoms were thought to be tiny solid spheres. In 1903, Thomson proposed a model of the atom consisting of positive and negative charges, present in equal amounts so that an atom would be electrically neutral. He proposed the atom was a sphere, but the positive and negative charges were embedded within it. Thomsons model came to be called the plum pudding model or chocolate chip cookie model. Modern scientists understand atoms consist of a nucleus of positively-charged protons and neutral neutrons, with negatively-charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. Yet, Thomsons model is important because it introduced the notion that an atom consisted of charged particles. Interesting Facts About J.J. Thomson Prior to Thomsons discovery of electrons, scientists believed the atom was the smallest fundamental unit of matter.Thomson called the particle he discovered corpuscles rather than electrons.Thomsons masters work,  Treatise on the motion of vortex rings, provides a mathematical description of William Thomsons vortex theory of atoms. He was awarded the Adams Prize in 1884.Thomson discovered the natural radioactivity of potassium in 1905.In 1906, Thomson demonstrated a hydrogen atom had only a single electron.Thomsons father intended for J.J. to be an engineer, but the family did not have the funds to support the apprenticeship. So, Joseph John attended  Owens College in Manchester, and then Trinity College in Cambridge, where he became a mathematical physicist.  In 1890, Thomson married one of his students, Rose Elisabeth Paget. They had a son and a daughter. The son, Sir George Paget Thomson, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937.Thomson also investigated the nature of pos itively-charged particles. These experiments led to the development of the mass spectrograph. Thomson was closely aligned with chemists of the time. His atomic theory helped explain atomic bonding and the structure of molecules. Thomson published an important monograph in 1913 urging the use of the mass spectrograph in chemical analysis.Many consider J.J. Thomsons greatest contribution to science to be his role as a teacher. Seven of his research assistants, as well as his own son, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. One of his best-known students was Ernest Rutherford, who succeeded Thomson as Cavendish Professor of Physics.

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Bioethics - Essay Example The core point is that human life is a primary value in itself and that must be protected at all times. The basis of this reasoning can be derived from diverse grounds that include religion and ethics. Existence of human life is not a making of any other human being and this outrightly fails to justify artificial intervention meant to eliminate life (Paterson 44). The uniqueness that constitute each individual’s life makes it difficult to assign value and this means that no circumstance justify interference with human existence whether unborn, unconscious, sick or physically deformed. Use of concepts like relativism, skepticism, consequentialism, and utilitarianism tend to leave moral loopholes which at some point still lead to messing up with individual rights to life. The religious premise emphasizes the sanctity of life and that means the only moral duty assigned to humanity is to protect the life unless supernatural circumstances effects death or any form of infringement into the right to life(Paterson 57). Ethics has to do with doing what one would wish to be done against him. In regard to the Kant theory, the right thing is to give way to ones right to life irrespective of any utilitarian prospect and this sums up to stand for absolute respect of human

The Structure and Function of the Endocrine System in the Body Essay

The Structure and Function of the Endocrine System in the Body - Essay Example Release of hormones is slow or fast. Hormone production ceases on attainment of the required physiological activity. The endocrine system regulates almost all the other structures of the body. The circulatory system carries the secreted hormones to all the target tissues and organs. The main function of the endocrine system is homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment at a constant state for proper function of cells. Individual hormones affect cells that contain a specific genetic program that allow them to respond. The secretion of hormones by the endocrine glands causes specific responses that led to corrective measures (Falvo, 2013:374). Endocrine system functions by feedback mechanisms. The hypothalamus releases a hormone that triggers the pituitary gland to produce stimulating hormones. The stimulating hormone acts on the specific gland making it to secrete its hormone (Sherwood, 2012a, p19). When the level of this hormone increases in the blood, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland stop their secretion. The secretion by the target gland eventually stops. The cells contain receptors on the membrane. The hormones bind to specific receptors trough the key-lock mechanism. Polar hormones generate a chemical signal through a second massager because they are unable to penetrate through the cell membrane (Falvo, 2013:378). The second massager activates the response of the target cell. The target cell begins the triggered activity. The non-polar hormones like the steroids enter the cell and bind to their receptors found in the cell cytoplasm. When it gets into the cell, it binds to the receptors on the nuclear membrane. This activates the hormone receptor complex, which in turn binds to the DNA stimulating specific genes to produce proteins. The following are the major glands that integrate for the proper functioning of the endocrine system. They include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries,

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein can be compared to the myth Prometheus by J.M Hunt in several ways. Frankenstein and Prometheus both created life in their own way and faced consequences that they had not expected to encounter although they differed in that Frankenstein abandoned his creation and abhorred him whereas Prometheus wanted to help and care for his creation. Both Frankenstein and Prometheus developed creations easily but did not realize the consequences behind it. In the novel Frankenstein Victor always wanted to understand the cause of life and death and he set his mind into finding the answer. â€Å"I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet (Shelley 58). Victor was excited to understand that what he has created was the answer to his problems. Prometheus also felt the same way when he was creating his creation. Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure (Legend of Prometheus). Prometheus’ task in creating life was easy, as for Frankenstein it was much harder as he spent months creating it. With the goal of creating life they both faced consequences because of their actions. Frankenstein and Prometheus ended up with severe consequences when they had created life. When Victor left Geneva for Ingolstadt an incident had occurred. Once day he received a letter from his father. â€Å"William is dead! That sweet child, whose smiled delighted and warmed my heart, who was so gentle, yet so gay! Victor, he is murdered! (Shelley 73). When Victor had read the letter he was shocked. Upon returning to Geneva he realized the monster had murdered his brother. Prometheus also faced consequences when he created man. When Zeus discovered that Prometheus lied to him he took fire away from man. Prometheus then lit a torch from the su and brought ti back again to man. Zeus was enraged and punished Prometheus. â€Å"Take [Prometheus] to the Caucasus Mountains and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamant chains. Here he was tormented day and night by a giant eagle learing at his liver (Legend of Prometheus). The pain wouldn’t end for Prometheus because his liver would grow back again. Frankenstein and Prometheus faced consequences that ended in Frankenstein losing his loved one Prometheus being physically tortured day and night. Despite their punishment, Frankenstein exhibited actions that led him to become a bad creator, and Prometheus showing qualities of being a good creator. Frankenstein fathered his monster with his own hands. He labored for years in order to successfully breathe life into his creature. Then later once it was alive he abhorred him. When the monster was alive Frankenstein said â€Å"Oh! no mortal could support the horror of that countenance†¦ [Frankenstein] passed the night wretchedly†¦ Mingled with this horror [Frankenstein] felt the bitterness o f disappointment† (Shelley 59). This shows that all he wants to do with he creation is run away from it and to never see it again. Although Prometheus showed different qualities towards his monster. Prometheus fought to protect the human being he had given life to. â€Å"Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought I back again to man† (Legend of Prometheus). All he had tried to do was help his creation. Frankenstein and Prometheus differed because Frankenstein tried to hurt and abandon his creation but Prometheus did the opposite to his creation. Frankensten can be compared to the myth of Promethheus in many ways. When both are read the reader can infer many clear similarities between the two. Both Prometheus and Frankenstein faced consequences but treated their creations in different ways.