J.J. Thomson Atomic Theory and Biography

J.J. Thomson Atomic Theory and Biography Sir Joseph John Thomson or J.J. Thomson is best known as the man who discovered the electron. J.J. Thomson Biographical Data Tomson was born December 18, 1856, Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, England. He died  August 30, 1940, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. Thomson is buried in Westminster Abbey, near Sir Isaac Newton. J.J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron, the negatively-charged particle in the atom. He is known for the Thomson atomic theory. Many scientists studied the electric discharge of a  cathode ray tube. It was Thomsons interpretation that was important. He took the deflection of the rays by the magnets and charged plates as evidence of bodies much smaller than atoms. Thomson calculated these bodies had a large charge to mass ratio and he estimated the value of the charge itself. In 1904, Thomson proposed a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter with electrons positioned based on electrostatic forces. So, he not only discovered the electron but determined it was a fundamental part of an atom. Notable awards Thomson received include: Nobel Prize in Physics (1906) in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases  Knighted (1908)Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge (1884-1918) Thomson Atomic Theory Thomsons discovery of the electron completely changed the way people viewed atoms. Up until the end of the 19th century, atoms were thought to be tiny solid spheres. In 1903, Thomson proposed a model of the atom consisting of positive and negative charges, present in equal amounts so that an atom would be electrically neutral. He proposed the atom was a sphere, but the positive and negative charges were embedded within it. Thomsons model came to be called the plum pudding model or chocolate chip cookie model. Modern scientists understand atoms consist of a nucleus of positively-charged protons and neutral neutrons, with negatively-charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. Yet, Thomsons model is important because it introduced the notion that an atom consisted of charged particles. Interesting Facts About J.J. Thomson Prior to Thomsons discovery of electrons, scientists believed the atom was the smallest fundamental unit of matter.Thomson called the particle he discovered corpuscles rather than electrons.Thomsons masters work,  Treatise on the motion of vortex rings, provides a mathematical description of William Thomsons vortex theory of atoms. He was awarded the Adams Prize in 1884.Thomson discovered the natural radioactivity of potassium in 1905.In 1906, Thomson demonstrated a hydrogen atom had only a single electron.Thomsons father intended for J.J. to be an engineer, but the family did not have the funds to support the apprenticeship. So, Joseph John attended  Owens College in Manchester, and then Trinity College in Cambridge, where he became a mathematical physicist.  In 1890, Thomson married one of his students, Rose Elisabeth Paget. They had a son and a daughter. The son, Sir George Paget Thomson, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937.Thomson also investigated the nature of pos itively-charged particles. These experiments led to the development of the mass spectrograph. Thomson was closely aligned with chemists of the time. His atomic theory helped explain atomic bonding and the structure of molecules. Thomson published an important monograph in 1913 urging the use of the mass spectrograph in chemical analysis.Many consider J.J. Thomsons greatest contribution to science to be his role as a teacher. Seven of his research assistants, as well as his own son, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. One of his best-known students was Ernest Rutherford, who succeeded Thomson as Cavendish Professor of Physics.

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Bioethics - Essay Example The core point is that human life is a primary value in itself and that must be protected at all times. The basis of this reasoning can be derived from diverse grounds that include religion and ethics. Existence of human life is not a making of any other human being and this outrightly fails to justify artificial intervention meant to eliminate life (Paterson 44). The uniqueness that constitute each individual’s life makes it difficult to assign value and this means that no circumstance justify interference with human existence whether unborn, unconscious, sick or physically deformed. Use of concepts like relativism, skepticism, consequentialism, and utilitarianism tend to leave moral loopholes which at some point still lead to messing up with individual rights to life. The religious premise emphasizes the sanctity of life and that means the only moral duty assigned to humanity is to protect the life unless supernatural circumstances effects death or any form of infringement into the right to life(Paterson 57). Ethics has to do with doing what one would wish to be done against him. In regard to the Kant theory, the right thing is to give way to ones right to life irrespective of any utilitarian prospect and this sums up to stand for absolute respect of human

The Structure and Function of the Endocrine System in the Body Essay

The Structure and Function of the Endocrine System in the Body - Essay Example Release of hormones is slow or fast. Hormone production ceases on attainment of the required physiological activity. The endocrine system regulates almost all the other structures of the body. The circulatory system carries the secreted hormones to all the target tissues and organs. The main function of the endocrine system is homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment at a constant state for proper function of cells. Individual hormones affect cells that contain a specific genetic program that allow them to respond. The secretion of hormones by the endocrine glands causes specific responses that led to corrective measures (Falvo, 2013:374). Endocrine system functions by feedback mechanisms. The hypothalamus releases a hormone that triggers the pituitary gland to produce stimulating hormones. The stimulating hormone acts on the specific gland making it to secrete its hormone (Sherwood, 2012a, p19). When the level of this hormone increases in the blood, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland stop their secretion. The secretion by the target gland eventually stops. The cells contain receptors on the membrane. The hormones bind to specific receptors trough the key-lock mechanism. Polar hormones generate a chemical signal through a second massager because they are unable to penetrate through the cell membrane (Falvo, 2013:378). The second massager activates the response of the target cell. The target cell begins the triggered activity. The non-polar hormones like the steroids enter the cell and bind to their receptors found in the cell cytoplasm. When it gets into the cell, it binds to the receptors on the nuclear membrane. This activates the hormone receptor complex, which in turn binds to the DNA stimulating specific genes to produce proteins. The following are the major glands that integrate for the proper functioning of the endocrine system. They include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries,

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein can be compared to the myth Prometheus by J.M Hunt in several ways. Frankenstein and Prometheus both created life in their own way and faced consequences that they had not expected to encounter although they differed in that Frankenstein abandoned his creation and abhorred him whereas Prometheus wanted to help and care for his creation. Both Frankenstein and Prometheus developed creations easily but did not realize the consequences behind it. In the novel Frankenstein Victor always wanted to understand the cause of life and death and he set his mind into finding the answer. â€Å"I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet (Shelley 58). Victor was excited to understand that what he has created was the answer to his problems. Prometheus also felt the same way when he was creating his creation. Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure (Legend of Prometheus). Prometheus’ task in creating life was easy, as for Frankenstein it was much harder as he spent months creating it. With the goal of creating life they both faced consequences because of their actions. Frankenstein and Prometheus ended up with severe consequences when they had created life. When Victor left Geneva for Ingolstadt an incident had occurred. Once day he received a letter from his father. â€Å"William is dead! That sweet child, whose smiled delighted and warmed my heart, who was so gentle, yet so gay! Victor, he is murdered! (Shelley 73). When Victor had read the letter he was shocked. Upon returning to Geneva he realized the monster had murdered his brother. Prometheus also faced consequences when he created man. When Zeus discovered that Prometheus lied to him he took fire away from man. Prometheus then lit a torch from the su and brought ti back again to man. Zeus was enraged and punished Prometheus. â€Å"Take [Prometheus] to the Caucasus Mountains and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamant chains. Here he was tormented day and night by a giant eagle learing at his liver (Legend of Prometheus). The pain wouldn’t end for Prometheus because his liver would grow back again. Frankenstein and Prometheus faced consequences that ended in Frankenstein losing his loved one Prometheus being physically tortured day and night. Despite their punishment, Frankenstein exhibited actions that led him to become a bad creator, and Prometheus showing qualities of being a good creator. Frankenstein fathered his monster with his own hands. He labored for years in order to successfully breathe life into his creature. Then later once it was alive he abhorred him. When the monster was alive Frankenstein said â€Å"Oh! no mortal could support the horror of that countenance†¦ [Frankenstein] passed the night wretchedly†¦ Mingled with this horror [Frankenstein] felt the bitterness o f disappointment† (Shelley 59). This shows that all he wants to do with he creation is run away from it and to never see it again. Although Prometheus showed different qualities towards his monster. Prometheus fought to protect the human being he had given life to. â€Å"Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought I back again to man† (Legend of Prometheus). All he had tried to do was help his creation. Frankenstein and Prometheus differed because Frankenstein tried to hurt and abandon his creation but Prometheus did the opposite to his creation. Frankensten can be compared to the myth of Promethheus in many ways. When both are read the reader can infer many clear similarities between the two. Both Prometheus and Frankenstein faced consequences but treated their creations in different ways.

Traditions of Child Parenting in China Essays -- chinese mothers, amy c

Have you ever thought about having kids and raising them in a way where your family, friends, and even your own kids judge you and see you as this monstrous savage of a being? Being raised by the Chinese style of parenting or better known as â€Å"Tiger Parenting† I understand what it was like being put through what Amy Chua put her kids through. Therefore, I understand completely what Amy Chua is trying to explain in her book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. The advancements and traditions of child parenting have significantly impacted society by their many techniques of parenting. For example Chinese style parenting or better known as â€Å"Tiger parenting†. In this essay I will examine three issues; two points of disagreement, and one point of agreement to Amy Chua’s Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. The argument article I will be referring to is Tiger Mother: Popular and Psychological Scientific Perspectives on Asian Culture and Parenting by Perdue Universit y’s P. Priscilla Lui and David Rollock. David Rollock is a Clinical Associate Professor at Purdue University who received his Ph.D. at Yale in 1989. Lui is also a Professor at Purdue University that specializes in Psychology treatment and research. Amy Chua is a law professor and author of two books on international affairs, even though readers of Tiger Mother get only a little tiny glance of that part in her life, with weird, thrown off-lines such as "Meanwhile, I was still teaching my courses at Yale and finishing up my second book" (7) while also "traveling continuously, giving lectures about democratization and ethnic conflict." (7) Her third book points away from global concerns to focus intensely on Amy Chua's attempt to raise her two beautiful daughters in the way that her ... ...ended up finding common ground. Indeed, there are indications of stereotypically Asian beliefs about the quest of prestigious careers and expected academic accomplishments may elevate risks to self esteem and internal mental health issues, as does identification with only high status groups by people with multiethnic heritages. Ending a parenting story when a child is only 15 years old seems too short; in fact, it might not be entirely possible to really understand the complete impact of Chua's efforts until her daughters have kids of their own.â€Æ' Works Cited Chua, Amy. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. New York: Penguin, 2011. Print. Rollock, David. "Tiger Mother: Popular and Psychological Scientific Perspectives on Asian Culture and Parenting." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Oct. 2013: 450-56. Print. Chang, Elizabeth New York: Penguin Press, 2011. Print.

A Closer Look on Sir Gawain

For Literature lovers, Sir Gawain is best known as the nephew of King Arthur. He is the son of King Arthur’s sister Morgaus and King Lot. He is a Knight of the Round Table. His brothers are Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth and Mordred. He is loyal to his king and to his family. He is a magnificent warrior but has a temper. He is also a ladies’ man. There are some works where his strength depends on the sun. Some stories claim that he is really strong during the afternoon when the sun shines at its best and is weak at night because the sun sets.There are two sides of Sir Gawain when it comes to his duties as a knight and as a family man. He balances both roles well. For example, he is loyal to King Arthur and obeys his commands. However, when Guinevere was slated to be burned at the stake and Sir Gawain was asked by King Arthur to stand post, the Knight nobly said no to the command. His respect for women outweighed his loyalty to his liege. There was also a time when his loyalt y to his friend Lancelot was outweighed by his loyalty to his family.This was when his brothers (except for Mordred) were killed during the battle between Lancelot and King Arthur. But when Mordred overturned the kingdom of Camelot and Sir Gawain was breathing his last, he sought forgiveness from Lancelot and asked him to defeat Mordred in his stead. Sir Gawain is popular in a number of literary works all over Europe. He is often seen as the model of chivalry. Most protagonists are compared and contrasted to him. A lot of French romances portray Gawain in different ways. Sometimes he is the hero.There are other times, he is the loyal wingman of the hero. He is also popularly known as the knight who searched for the Grail. Here, he is seen at his best light. His intentions are pure. It is reminiscent to him stopping his brothers Agravain and Mordred in plotting the downfall of Lancelot and Guinevere by revealing their love affair. During the Post-Vulgate Cycle, Gawain was portrayed a s a murderer. He was no longer the hero but the villain. This generic evil canceled out his records as the noble knight when literature about him is discussed.Therefore, to the eyes of Literature lovers, Gawain is an honorable champion but has flaws. For the Literature in Britain and Scotland, Gawain is a respectable and admired hero. He is also the main man when it comes to romantic stories and lyrical poems. His reputation is not tarnished because French Literature refuse to show Sir Gawain in a negative light. As a matter of fact, in Middle English Literature, he is the central character in a great work â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. † In â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†, he is an excellent knight but has human traits.He also has flaws. He may be witty, virtuous and respectful of women but there are times that he is also subdued to jealousy. In the end, his love for women frees his wife Dame Ragnelle from her curse of ugliness. The depiction of Sir Gaw ain in glowing lights continued toward the Vulgate and the Post-Vulgate Cycle. The problem is that there were other literatures that stained his reputation, particular the negative characteristics that were attributed to him by Thomas Malory’s â€Å"The Death of Arthur. †Literary scholars compare and contrast the sides of Sir Gawain in every literature he appeared in. Perhaps what makes Sir Gawain genuine is that readers have an idea of his shortcomings but see that he is eager to make up for them (as mentioned in the earlier paragraphs of this essay. ) Therefore, we balance the whole anatomy of Sir Gawain. Just like us, Sir Gawain can be a gentleman and a brute. He can be loyal to his family and friends but turn his back on them the minute his ethics and beliefs are attacked. In the end, it’s all about weighing the pros and the cons of the knight.

The Human Condition Short Story Assignment - 1276 Words

The Human Condition-Short Story Assignment Firstly, what is the human condition? I’ve been searching for an answer about what the human condition really means. In different situations, especially in the six stories I was asked to read, I put myself in the very different situations of each story and what I’ve found is that the human condition is the characteristics or key events and situations that compose the essentials of human existence or the positive and negative aspects of being a human being. It is part of being a person. For example the need to be loved is simply part of the human condition. Such as birth, growth, emotions, aspirations, conflicts, and mortality. It is the experiences, emotions and the needs that all people share,†¦show more content†¦Her kindness changes the rattrap peddlers thoughts about the world being one big rat trap. I can relate to this because I am a very caring, compassionate person and can understand the struggle this poor man went though. He turned out to be a good ma n at heart and returned money he had stolen from the old retired ironworker. This reminds me of the saying â€Å" You can never judge a book by it’s cover†. When the peddler knocked on the old man s door dressed in rags with sunken cheek, he was surprised when he old man didn’t make a â€Å"sour† face, he was use to people treating him inhumanly. To his surprise the old man was kind to him and gave him food and tobacco but the peddler ended up stealing the old mans 30 kronos anyway. Most people would have just slammed the door in his face but this old man didn’t. This is part of the human condition, having compassion and helping those less fortunate than us. The peddler stealing is also part of the human condition because he chose to steal even though the old man showed him kindness. In â€Å"What Men Live by† by Leo Tolstoy, I feel sympathetic for the little baby girls who were left all alone with no family to take care of them. 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